Nanomaterials

1. Nanomaterials Jiang Hongxuan 3A3 31

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3. Defenition • a material made up of nanostructures between 1 and 100 nanometres (or billionths of a metre) in size. • can be nanoparticles, nanotubes or nanocrystals. • small size of the structures • properties of nanomaterials are different to ordinary materials

4. Overview • Nanomaterials are manufactured for a wide variety of applications • All kinds of ‘composite' nanomaterial (combinations of materials that are normally immiscible) are also being produced. • The idea is to introduce nanostructures - nanoparticles, for instance - into a matrix (metal, organic material, etc.) to obtain specific properties of hardness, mechanical strength, conductivity or electrical insulation, and so on. • So it is already possible to construct materials to measure. The economic potential is huge.

5. influences • Creating a wealth of new materials and manufacturing possibilities, which in turn will profoundly impact our economy, our environment, and our society • Researchers and manufacturers can fabricate materials literally molecule-by-molecule • Harness previously inaccessible properties of matter into new structures with new, unique, and often remarkable properties : • Enhanced new strength • Vastly increased weight • …

6. properties of nanomaterials • The principal parameters of nanoparticles are their shape size, and the morphological sub-structure of the substance. • Nanoparticles are presented as an aerosol a suspension or an emulsion. • In the presence of chemical agents, the surface and interfacial properties may be modified.

7. Nanogold a suspension/colloid of gold in a fluid • 10 nm particles absorb green light and thus appear red • The size goes down, the melting temperature decreases • Gold no longer noble • turn into insulators • Shape: icosahedral symmetry, or hollow or planar, depending on size.

8. comparison • Nanogold • Bulk material • Red • Melting point is about 300°C at 2.5nm • Much more reactive • Yellow • Melting point is 1064°C • Very uncreative

9. Usage of nanogold • Electron Microscopy • widely-used contrast agents for biological electron microscopy. • can be attached to many traditional biological probes such as antibodies. • Particles of different sizes are easily distinguishable in electron micrographs • allows simultaneous multiple-labeling experiments.

10. Usage of nanogold • medical applications • Already used as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in rats. The implantation of gold beads near arthritic hip joints in dogs to relieve pain. • combination of microwave radiation and colloidal gold can destroy the beta-amyloid fibrils and plaque which are associated with Alzheimer's disease. • Being investigated as carriers for drugs such as Paclitaxel. • Nanosized particles are particularly • In cancer research, used to target tumors.

11. Usage of nanogold • health applications • Gold and palladium nanoparticles can be used to break TCE, a water contaminant, into non-toxic constituents. • Glass beads hold the nanoparticles in place • water is pumped through the nanoparticles from the bottom up.

12. Nano silver • Nano silver are nanoparticles of silver • Size: silver particles between 1 nm and 100 nm • frequently described as being 'silver' • some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide • large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.

13. Medical uses of Silver nanoparticles • There is an effort to incorporate silver nanoparticles into a wide range of medical devices • bone cement, • surgical instruments, • surgical masks, • wound dressings. • treatment of HIV-1. • Silver has antibacterial properties. • However as nanoparticles the antibacterial properties are magnified • as the surface area to volume ratio is increased • allows them to easily interact with and fight with bacteria

14. Nano carbon • Properties: • Strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively • Multi-walled nanotubes, multiple concentric nanotubes precisely nested within one another, exhibit a striking telescoping property whereby an inner nanotube core may slide, almost without friction, within its outer nanotube shell thus creating an atomically perfect linear or rotational bearing

15. Properties of Nanocarbon • moderate semiconductor • Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with interconnected inner shells show superconductivity with a relatively high transition temperature Tc = 12 K. • Good thermal conductor

16. Uses of nano carbon • Clothes and sports gear to combat jackets and space elevators Transistors which can operate at room temperature and that are capable of digital switching using a single electron Memory circuits • Paper Batteries

17. Nano iron • High surface energy • Reactive and easy to get oxidized • Easy to get burned in the open air • Magnetic property, which is one kind of the typical magnetic nano-materials

18. Properties of nano iron • The iron nano-particles can keep their magnetic property with saturation magnetic induction intensity B, around 136-161 emu/g, remanent magnetic induction intensity Br around 14.8-17.4 emu/g and coercive force Hc around 290-302 Oe when the temperature goes up to 523 K.

19. Uses of nano iron • groundwater remediation • wastewater treatment • powder metallurgy • fuel cell catalyst

20. References • http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50131030/PVC_Sheets.jpg • http://www.ivanhoe.com/science/story/2008/04/418a.html • http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/nanoapplicationsandproducts.html • http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=will-nano-particles-present-big-health-problems • http://www.science24.com/paper/9872 • http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/435479282/ • http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~neliaz/Papers_Files/B11_38.pdf • www.howstuffworks.com • http://ec.europa.eu/health/opinions2/en/nanotechnologies/l-3/5- • nanoparticles-consumer-products.htm • http://www.scitopics.com/Nanogold_chemistry.html

21. That’s all. Thank You!