BIOCONTROL OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS

1. BIOCONTROL OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS DR.P.K. SUMODAN LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY GOVT. COLLEGE, MADAPPALLY

3. MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS • 1. DISEASE TRANSMITTERS- VECTORS • Mosquitoes, sand flies, fleas, tsetse flies, black flies, head lice, reduviid bugs etc. • 2. DIRECTLY HARMFUL • Nasal botflies, midges, blowflies, bed bugs, non-vector mosquitoes, ants, bees, wasps etc.

4. ANNUAL MORTALITY DUE TO INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (WHO 2004)(Total = 109,04,000)

5. VECTORS AND DISEASES

6. INSECTS CAUSING INJURY

7. VECTOR CONTROL METHODS • CHEMICAL – D.D.T, MALATHION, SYNTHETIC PYROTHROIDS, FENTHION, TEMEPHOS, Etc. • BIOLOGICAL – FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI Etc. • ENVIRONMENTAL – SOURCE REDUCTION , INSECT PROOFING, Etc.

8. MOSQUITOES BLACK FLIES VECTORS AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

9. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUSES, PROTOZOA, NEMATODES, MITES, INSECTS, SPIDERS, TURTLES, BIRDS, LIZARDS, BATS Etc.

10. MOSQUITO A PROFILE • GENERA - 37 • SPECIES - 3500 (APPROX) • VECTOR GENERA - 8 • VECTOR SPECIES - 100 (APPROX) • NUMBER OF DISEASES TRANSMITTED - 50 (APPROX)

11. FISHES GAMBUSIA AFFINIS POECILIA RETICULATA APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI APLOCHEILUS PANCHAX APLOCHEILUS LINEATUS OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS DANIO AEQUIPINNATUS MACROPODUS CUPANUS . BACTERIA BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BACILLUS SPHAERICUS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS IN USE

12. FEEDING EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS FISHES (SUMODAN & KUMAR 1998)

13. PREFERRED QUALITIES OF LARVIVOROUS FISHES • SMALL IN SIZE • SURFACE FEEDERS • NON EDIBLE • HARDY • EASY TO CULTURE • CARNIVOROUS • INDIGENOUS

14. GAMBUSIA AFFINIS

15. APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI

16. RASBORA DANICONIUS

17. POECILIA RETICULATA

18. IMPACT OF INTRODUCTION OF APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI ON ANOPHELES STEPHENSI IN GOA DURING 1994-1995(Kumar et al 1998)

19. BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

20. BACILLUS SPHAERICUS

21. BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS • ISOLATION – 1976 • IMPORTANT VARIETY – BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS • TARGET STAGE – LARVAE • MODE OF ENTRY – INGESTION • PATHOLOGY – LYSIS OF MIDGUT CELLS, LEAKAGE OF DIGESTIVE JUICES INTO HAEMOCOEL.

22. BACILLUS SPHAERICUS • ISOLATION – 1978 • IMPORTANT VARIETY – BACILLUS SPHAERICUS H5a, 5b • TARGET STAGE – LARVAE • MODE OF ENTRY – INGESTION • PATHOLOGY – SWELLING OF MIDGUT WALL, DAMAGE TO MIDGUT • SYMPTOMS – TREMORS, SLUGGISH.

23. IMPACT OF WEEKLY SPRAYING OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS IN GOA DURING 1994-1995 (Kumar et al 1998)

24. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES (VECTOR OF ONCHOCERCIASIS) • BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT: BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS • USE: WEST AFRICA FROM 1982-97: 5 MILLION LITRES AGAINST SIMULIUM DAMNOSUM IN BRAZIL AGAINST S. PERTINAX

25. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF FISHES • POSITIVE: NON POLLUTANT, MOSQUITOES DO NOT DEVELOP RESISTANCE, LESS EXPENSIVE, LONG LASTING • NEGATIVE: EXOTIC SPECIES MAY DISTROY INDIGENOUS FAUNA, NOT SUITABLE FOR POLLUTED WATER, NOT EFFECTIVE IN HABITATS WITH VEGETATION

26. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF BACTERIA • POSITIVE: NON TOXIC, SPECIFICITY • NEGATIVE: EXORBITANTLY EXPENSIVE ( COMPARED TO TEMEPHOS IT IS 100 TIMES COSTLIER) NOT SUITABLE FOR POTABLE WATER SOURCES, CUMBERSOME APPLICATION

27. THANK YOU