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Day 1

Day 1. Lesson Objective: Shhhh ! It’s a secret…. You will have to tell me what the point of the lesson is when we are finished. Observation. I noticed that girls throw farther than boys. Question. Do girls throw farther than boys?. Hypothesis. I think that girls throw farther than boys.

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Day 1

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  1. Day 1 • Lesson Objective: Shhhh! It’s a secret…. You will have to tell me what the point of the lesson is when we are finished.

  2. Observation I noticed that girls throw farther than boys.

  3. Question • Do girls throw farther than boys?

  4. Hypothesis • I think that girlsthrow farther than boys.

  5. Procedure • Give a ball to a boy and a ball to a girl. • Have them throw the balls time. • Measure how far they threw. • Add data to a table. • Repeat for 3 trials.

  6. Collect data

  7. Conclusion • My hypothesis was correct. Girls throw farther than boys.

  8. What were some problems with my experiment? What factors may have affected the outcome (result) of the experiment? • I gave them different types of balls (one cotton and one paper). • Then I gave them the same balls, but turned on the fan for the girl. • For the 3rd trial, I let the girl go up 6 steps and then measured from where the boy threw the ball.=

  9. So what was the objective?Why did I do this with you today? I wanted to teacher you that the experiment wasn’t “fair”. I did NOT have a CONTROLLED experiment because I changed more than one variable. Thus, I don’t know if the girl really threw farther or not because it could have been due to the different balls, the fan, or the fact that she moved up. In order to get accurate, valid results, I have to only change ONE variable, not many. So in this case, the only difference should have been that a girl and a boy threw the ball. Also, when you use people in an experiment, you need to consider variables like the height, weight, age, etc. You should use hundreds of people in your study, not just one boy and one girl.

  10. Controlled experiment • noun-an experiment in which one, and onlyone, variable (thing in the exp.) is changed in order to assess its effect. • Why is it important to have a controlled experiment?

  11. 1.. variable: • anything that you can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome • any factor that can exist in different amounts or types Example- the amount of water used or the location of the pot in a plant experiment

  12.  10. hypothesis: noun- a scientific educated guess that is a step in the inquiry process and guides the experiment • 11. observation: noun- things that are seen, heard, felt, tasted or smelled that lead to a question and the creation of a hypothesis • 13. outcome: noun-results of the investigation

  13. Daisies vs. Roses • Question-Which grow faster, daisies or roses? • Hypothesis-I think that roses grow faster. • What are some of the variables that I should control in order for my experiment to be fair and my results to be accurate? What should I keep the SAME? -how much water they get, the type and amount of soil, the amount of sunlight they get (so don’t put one in a dark room and one by a window), use fertilizer for both (or not at all), etc. • Which is the only variable that should change if I want the outcome (results) to be valid? -One pot would have daisies, and one pot would have roses

  14. End of Day 1

  15. Day 2-Let’s do an experiment! • See your ISN for Penny Lab Sheets. • In this experiment, we did not control all of the variables. We had different students drop the water drops, we dropped the water from different heights, we sometimes shook the table, etc. • Since we didn’t do it the same each time, our results were “all over the place”. Our data wasn’t accurate because we didn’t CONTROL enough variables.

  16. Variables-Day 3 • Lesson Objective: I will understand the difference between an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a controlled variable. I will identify which is which in variable experiments.

  17. 2. independentvariable: “what I change” • It’s the variable that is known before the experiment is completed. • Goes on the x-axis.

  18. 3. dependentvariable: -“what I observe” • It’s the variable that is discovered fromcompleting the experiment. It is dependent on the independent variable. • Goes on the y-axis.

  19. 4. controlled variable-what you keep the same so that the exp. is “fair”

  20. Example Using the Lemonade Experiment • Independent variable-What did I change? The temperature of the water • Dependent variable-What did I observe? I didn’t know this variable UNTIL I did the experiment. I counted the number of stirs until it dissolve. Controlled Variables: What would we need to do the same, in order to get reliable results? So that it would be fair? I would need to use the same size/shape cup, the same amount of water in each cup, the same amount of powder in each cup, and would use the same spoon for stirring.

  21. Let’s look at some real life examples. • Independent- I pushed snooze on my alarm and woke up late (change from normal day). • Dependent-I got to school late (what happened because of the independent variable) • Controlled variable-School starts at 8am every day (doesn’t change, is controlled, kept the same)

  22. Now you try. Which is which type of variable? • There are fish in the lake. _____________ • My fishing rod broke. _____________ • I didn’t catch any fish. _____________

  23. My Own Example • Draw a picture and use words to identify the types of variables using a real-life example from your own life. • Identify each type of variable in the situation. • Complete as homework if you do not finish.

  24. Here are some other examples of dependent and independent variables in science: • A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. The independent variable is the how much of the drug they give the patients. The dependent variable is the impact the drug has on cancer.  • A scientist studies the affect of not giving affection to rats. The independent variable is the amount of affection given. The dependent variable is the reaction of the rats.  • A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick. The independent variable is the number of days of consuming soup. The dependent variable is the onset of illness. 

  25. Now you try. Which is the independent and which is the dependent variable? • A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick. • how many days it is until the people get sick This is the thing I don’t know until I do the experiment, so it is the dependent variable. • number of days of they eat soup This is what I changed, so it is the independent variable.

  26. Complete the Simpsons Variables Sheet with a PartnerSee website for copies of this sheet if needed.

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