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Major Issues in Flood Plains and Delta

Major Issues in Flood Plains and Delta. Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap/Delta. Natural resource degradation Declining fish population Salinity intrusion and acidity River bank erosion Sedimentation Imbalance water flow in dry and wet season Water shortage in dry season

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Major Issues in Flood Plains and Delta

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  1. Major Issues in Flood Plains and Delta

  2. Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap/Delta • Natural resource degradation • Declining fish population • Salinity intrusion and acidity • River bank erosion • Sedimentation • Imbalance water flow in dry and wet season • Water shortage in dry season • Competing demand for water • Flood and inundation • Deforestation

  3. Seawater Intrusion in Mekong Delta (2/3) Jan. 2003 Upstream Discharge into Mekong Delta is Key Factor ! Upper Limit of Maximum Salinity in 1985

  4. Flood and inundation

  5. Tidal effect at Delta 0.8 m above sea

  6. Flood-Hazard Areas in the Lower Mekong Basin

  7. Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap/Delta • Natural resource degradation • Declining fish population • Salinity intrusion and acidity • River bank erosion • Sedimentation • Imbalance water flow in dry and wet season • Water shortage in dry season • Competing demand for water • Flood and inundation • Deforestation

  8. Deforestation

  9. Bio-physical causes / origins of these problems • Population pressure • Development interventions • Over-fishing • Increasing water demand in sector development • Increasing use of chemicals • Change of hydrological regime • Climate change • Deforestation

  10. Who is affected? • All people in the sub-areas (directly and indirectly) • The ecology in the sub-area • The biodiversity in the sub-area

  11. What are the long-term development objectives of those at the end of the Basin system? • Economic growth • Poverty alleviation • Prosperous and peaceful basin • Mutual benefit and understanding, and cooperation

  12. Total dry season irrigated cropped areas(ha) Irrigation growth

  13. Indicative dry season water balance 40% 52% 13-17%of Kratie flow On average 10,400 MCM/month in dry season Basin irrigation efficiencies of 90% and 70%

  14. Mekong Fisheries • Total  2 million tonnes • Capture Fisheries  1.75 million tonnes • Aquaculture  0.25 million tonnes • Total value: $1,400 million • 40 million people involved full or part-time • Non-fish products (shellfish, frogs, insects, aquatic plants)

  15. Flooding • 2000 flood • 800 people died • $400 million damage • 2002 flood and drought • impact on food security and health

  16. Key Factor of Water Utilization in Mekong Delta

  17. 80% 60% 40% 20% Area Production Changes in overall paddy areas and production - 1990 to 2000 Cambodia Lao PDR Thailand Viet Nam

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