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Social and Economic Reforms: From Suffrage to Prohibition

Explore the social and economic reforms of the early 20th century, including suffrage, prohibition, child labor laws, political reform, and conservation efforts. Learn about influential figures like Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, Marcus Garvey, and Teddy Roosevelt.

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Social and Economic Reforms: From Suffrage to Prohibition

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  1. Ch. 10-2: Social and Economic Reform • Jacob Riis- wrote “How the Other Half Lives” • Looked at how poor immigrants lived their lives • Settlement House- place where poor immigrants went for help

  2. Jane Addams • Hull House- settlement house in Chicago for poor immigrants • Offered classes in English, art, and basic living skills

  3. Jane Addams

  4. Suffrage Movement • Suffrage Movement wanted to give women the right to vote • Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Western states 1st to give women the right to vote

  5. Viewpoints • Many felt the women’s place was in the home not D.C. • 1920- 19th Amend. Women get the right to vote • Margaret Sanger- pushed for birth control

  6. NAACP • Goal was to protect the rights of African Americans • Wanted to eliminate Jim Crow Laws • Marcus Garvey- leader of the “Back to Africa” movement

  7. Marcus Garvey

  8. Temperance/Prohibition • Many felt crime, poverty and murder were a cause of alcohol • Temperance Movement- urged people to abolish the sale and drinking of alcohol

  9. Prohibitions Enforcement

  10. Political Reform • Many cities were run by “Political Machines” • NYC- Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall were the most corrupt and robbed millions

  11. Political Bosses promised immigrants jobs in exchange for their votes • They gained office and became very corrupt

  12. Reform • Direct Primary- people vote in a primary election for a candidate to represent a party • Initiative- petitions circulated so law makers may consider a law

  13. Referendum- proposed law where the people vote on election day • Recall- people can call for a special election to remove a politician from office • Secret ballot became popular

  14. Child Labor Laws • Child labor was very common • 1914- laws issued to prevent child labor • Early 20th century U.S. cities begin to clean up

  15. Teddy Roosevelt • T. Roosevelt- felt that as president he needed to protect both industry and the common laborers • Roosevelt was known as the “Trust Buster” b/c he was the first president to attack big businesses • He enforced the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by attacking the Northern Securities Co.

  16. Roosevelt believed that their were both good and bad trust • Good Trust- those that helped the public and provided necessary services but they needed to be restrained • Bad Trust- those that drove out competition and abused the workers and they should be eliminated

  17. TR the Conservationist • Roosevelt loved the environment and felt that he needed to preserve it for future generations • He helped establish the National Parks Service

  18. Roosevelt Legacy • Helped regulate the Railroads • Known as the Trust Buster • Avid Conservationist • Helped build the Panama Canal • Considered one of Americas greatest and vocal presidents

  19. 1912 Election • Democrats- Woodrow Wilson • Republicans- Party was split between Taft and Roosevelt • Wilson won easily • Debs- represented the Socialist Party

  20. Underwood Tariff • Tariffs lowered, which dropped the price of consumer goods • 16th Amend- Graduated Income Tax which is based on a % of your income

  21. Clayton Antitrust Act • Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act • Prevented holding companies, interlocking directorships which were illegal

  22. Federal Trade Commission Act • Investigates questionable business practices • Orders companies to “Cease and desist” from illegal activities

  23. Federal Reserve System • Banks often failed b/c they didn’t have enough money in the vault • Fed. Reserve- regulates the money that is in circulation and controls interest rates

  24. Progressive Amendments • 16th- Income Tax • 17th- People now directly elect their national senators • 18th- Prohibition of alcohol • 19th- Women get the right to vote

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