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Designing 3D Interfaces

Designing 3D Interfaces. Examples of 3D interfaces Pros and cons of 3D interfaces Overview of 3D software and hardware Four key design issues: system performance, movement, presence, health & safety. What is a 3D interface?.

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Designing 3D Interfaces

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  1. Designing 3D Interfaces Examples of 3D interfaces Pros and cons of 3D interfaces Overview of 3D software and hardware Four key design issues: system performance, movement, presence, health & safety

  2. What is a 3D interface? • Uses 3D graphics, possibly combined with specialised hardware, to give depth or perspective to the display of information Virtual Environments Visualisation Utility: Extended GUIs Realism: Immersive Interfaces Degree of ‘utility versus realism’

  3. Visualisation Adding focus and context to 2D interfaces 3D visualisation of scientific data

  4. Virtual Environments Simulation Games

  5. Pros and cons of 3D • Pros: • create a sense of presence • realistic simulation of physical space and objects • more display space through focus + context • Cons: • additional dimension to manipulate and control • hard to map onto 2D displays and devices • occlusion • difficulty of remembering the locations of information • requires greater hardware performance

  6. 3D interface software • Graphics libraries • Objects (polygons and meshes), lighting, textures, animation, collisions, physics (e.g., deformations), special effects (e.g., fog), cameras • With scripting • User interaction, object behaviours, time-based actions • Sound • Used for ‘spot effects’, soundtrack, and speech • Spatialisation • Supporting tools • Modelling and animation • 2D art work - textures

  7. Specialised 3D interface hardware

  8. Hardware characteristics • Output • Field of view • Resolution • Frame rate • Stereo or mono • Extent of exclusion of physical world • (Locally) Shared or individual • Degree of encumberance • Force Feedback

  9. More hardware characteristics • Input • Degrees of freedom of movement sensing • Range • Accuracy • Jitter • Physical stability (for public use)

  10. Key Design Issues • System performance • Movement • Presence • Health and safety

  11. System performance • Real-time performance is the often the most vital factor for 3D interfaces • Maintain high frame-rate • Rapid interaction with minimal latency • Download size for online

  12. Movement • Up to six DOF required • But, the input device may support fewer • make frequent movements direct • less frequent require special actions - additional mouse buttons, keys or special vehicles • but watch out for loss of parallelism - e.g., rotation as a single action • Also need to design manipulations – point, select, drag, rotate, resize, carry etc

  13. Presence • A mental state where participant has the sense of being in the location specified by the displays - “being there” • A fundamental goal of VR? • Measuring presence • subjective presence • behavioural presence

  14. Factors that affect presence • Immersion • Mode of navigation • Self-body image • External disruptions • Inconsistencies between the user’s mental model of the world and its actual behavior • Boredom and amount of activity

  15. Health and Safety • Possible effects • sickness • postural instability • psycho-motor coordination • Four factors • the VR system • the virtual environment • the user • the task

  16. Health & Safety Guidelines • maintain frame rate > 20 hz, 8-15 hz may be especially bad • keep lag as low as possible • don’t use HMD without other present • inform users and encourage small head movements • avoid awkward postures for sustained periods

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