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Competencies in Intercultural Group Communications. Communication Styles Based on Face Management. Leadership. Dealing with Conflict. Meeting and Decision Making. P arameters of Interacting with Other Cultures. Collectivism Hierarchy Low tolerance of ambiguity Masculine
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Competencies in Intercultural Group Communications Communication Styles Based on Face Management Leadership Dealing with Conflict Meeting and Decision Making
Parameters of Interacting with Other Cultures • Collectivism • Hierarchy • Low tolerance of ambiguity • Masculine • Lived-Experience and Short-Term Approaches to Time • Individualism • Equality • High Tolerance of ambiguity • Feminine • Abstract and Long-Term Approaches to Time
Communication Direct • Goal is clarity and honesty • Words are essential • The message is essential • Comfortable with confrontation Indirect • Goal is to maintain harmony • Non-verbal language • The person delivering the message is essential • Avoid confrontation
The Mutual Invitation Method (Eric Law) RESPECTFUL COMMUNICATION GUIDELINE R: take RESPONSIBILITY for what you say and feel, and speak with words others can hear and understand E: use EMPATHETIC listening, not just words but also feelings being expressed, non-verbal language including silence S: be SENSITIVE to differences in communication styles P: PONDER on what you hear and feel before you speak E: EXAMINE your own assumptions and perceptions C: keep CONFIDENTIALITY T: TRUST the process because we are NOT here to debate who is right or wrong but to experience true dialogue.
Let’s communicate! • “Yes” means “No • Silence means consent or not… • Eye contact means respect? • How close or far away do I stand from you? • How do I greet you? • Do I cry or not?
Communication Low Context • Individual oriented • Adjust quickly • Direct Communication • Conflict may occur because of violations of individual expectations • Deal with conflict by disclosure • Fact finding • Focus on action and solution High Context • Group oriented • Need time for “contexting” a new situation • Indirect Communication • Conflict may occur because of violations of group expectations • Deal with conflict by concealment • Face saving • Focus on relationship
What is the FACE of Groups? • FACE is the Public Image of a group, or how a group wants others to see it. ESTABLISHING FACE INVOLVES: • Presenting our Group so that others perceive us as we want to be seen • Doing what is needed to do to support that face
Facework • A dominating facework • Avoiding facework • Integrating facework
Let’s have a meeting Individualistic Equality Purpose Agenda/Rules Time Keep on task All encouraged to speak A majority vote • Collectivist • Relationship vs. task • Sense of harmony before meeting • Honor group’s face • Hierarchy – Elders • Ensure that the various groups is honored before a debate • Contradict the elder? • Group dialogue • Voting as a group
Dealing with Conflict • Individual face • Concerned with the issue at stake • Concern to resolve the issue • Direct communication • Strategy of dominating the other in order to win • Policy of compromise with the intention of returning…for winning • Face of the Group • Indirect communication • Strategies of avoidance • Obliging the other party is an alternative • Conflict not resolved but allowed to continue
From the heart to the mind Decision Making – One perspective • RELATIONSHIP: After a process of knowing each other, of having a feeling of belonging, moves to… • UNDERSTANDING: starts to ask what is being expected of him/her. • INTEGRATION: evaluates, is it good for me or not? Is it good for my family or not? • MOVEMENT: Decides to get involved, to commit.
Different perspectives • Individualistic • UNDERSTANDING • MOVEMENT • 3. INTEGRATION • 4. RELATIONSHIP Collective 1. RELATIONSHIP 2. UNDERSTANDING 3. INTEGRATION 4. MOVEMENT
Leadership • Enabling the other to bring his/her talents • Competence • Training and Education • Bring people together to carry out a task • Skills in planning, developing goals • Chosen because of their rank and status within the community • Trustworthy vs. skills • Capacity to keep a community together and promote harmonious relationships • Plans more to impress outsiders