Basmati Rice by Azhar Bhatti

1. Basmati RicebyAzhar Bhatti

2. BASMATI RICE • Basmati was identified in 1926 from village Kolo Tarar in Distt Hafizabad in Punjab, Pakistan • The first variety Basmati-370 was registered in1933 by Kala Shah Kaku Rice Research Station, Distt Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan

3. HIMALAYAS WATER

4. FLOOD PLAINS OF PUNJAB

5. MAP OF GROWING REGIONS • Rice growing • Indus valley civilization-2600B.C • Basmati-Centuries old-Folk lore • Aromatic rice • Outcome of a combination of soil, water, weather & farmer practices

6. BASMATI DISTRICTS

7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND • Rice growing • Indus valley civilization-2600B.C • Basmati-Centuries old-Folk lore • Aromatic rice • Outcome of a combination of soil, water, weather & farmer practices

8. LINK TO ORIGIN • The aroma and quality of grain linked to origin • The combination only found in Punjab • Aroma and quality vanish outside specific area

9. BASMATI PRODUCTION 200720082009Total Annual crop MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ 2.5/1.0 2.45/1.17 2.6/2.4Traditional Variety 0.08/0.01 0.08/0.12 0.08/0.16Evolved Variety 2.42/1.37 2.37/1.05 2.52/2.24

10. EXPORTS 200720082009 • Total Annual Basmati crop MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ MMT/Bill$ • Annual Exports 0.91/0.59 1.28/0.98 0.91/1.2 • Traditional Variety 0.04/0.005 0.04/0.06 0.04/0.08 • Evolved Variety 0.87/0.585 1.24/0.92 0.87/1.12

11. TOP THREE COUNTRIES OF EXPORT Top 3 Countries for Export by Variety • Traditional Variety i)KSA ii) IRAN iii)MUSCAT iv)QATAR • Evolved Varietyi)KSA ii) IRAN iii)MUSCAT iv)QATAR

12. PRICE DETERMINATION The Government announces a reference price for paddy to protect the farmer and intervenes in case prices are below this bench mark. The costs of milling, processing , packaging, storage, credit transportation etc are added to the purchase price to determine the final price.

13. TRADITIONAL BASMATI RICE • Growing and Harvest Season? • Nursery sowing 20th May to 30th June • Transplantation after 30 to 40 days • Harvesting late October to end of November.

14. Varieties and quantities available • Basmati-370 = 2-3% • Basmati Pak (Kernel) = 2-3% • Shaheen Basmati, B-2000 = 2-3% • Basmati-385 = 10% • Super Basmati = 80%

15. FARMER ORGANIZATIONS • Basmati Growers Association, Lahore-2005 • Farmers Associates of Pakistan-1992

16. Where does the farmer obtain seed? • Government controlled seed companies and self retained farmer seed. • Are land stewardship, growing and harvesting practices shared or monitored? • More than 90% of land is owner cultivated and self managed

17. Farm Gate Pricing • How established? Premiums paid for quality? Who pays the farmer? • Private sector • Indicative price by Government • Minimal intervention • The indicative price of the Govt. helps in establishing the farm gate price. Premium for quality never exceeds 5%. Govt. rarely intervenes by purchasing 7% of the total produce through rice mills. Except for the last year 100% of the farmers produce is bought by the private sector directly from the farmer or through agents in the market.

18. How many mills process Basmati? • More than 2,000 rice mills. • How does the rice get to the mill? • The rice (paddy) is purchased from the farmer directly at the farm, at the market or at the mills gate.

19. What are the steps in the milling process? • Sun drying/mechanical drying • 3 to 4 days of returning to room temperature • Stacking/storing • Or milling • Milling, processing & packaging for sale Usually the processing in only done when the rice has to be sold, otherwise it is stored as brown rice or slightly polished rice.

20. What makes a mill a good mill? • A mill which has the following capacities • To inspect and analyze paddy purchases • To dry and store while ensuring origin, variety and quality. • Its machinery produces with minimum breakage and wastages • The milling, processing & packaging is at the same premises • Storage is pest free. • Has the financial strength to age (store) rice for atleast 6 months to one year & supply quality on a constant basis • HACCP & ISO-9002 approved

21. Packaging • Is packaging done at the mill or elsewhere? • Export packing is done at the processing mill • Recommended packaging material, styles and size? • Packaging ranges from 1Kg, 5Kg, 10Kg, 25Kg and 50Kg. The material used for 50Kg and 25Kg packing is polypropylene or cotton printed bags. Smaller packing are usually in zipped cotton handbags.

22. What are the grades and standards of each grade? • The grades and standards are established by the Pakistan Quality Standards Authority and generally relate to broken % variations • What portion of annual harvest falls into each grade? • The annual harvest is usually the best grade except for the post harvest handling which also include processes outside the farm reduce this component by 15% to 20%

23. Possibility for 100% guarantee and traceability from seed to bag: • Each purchased consignment is allotted a definite lot number along with the name of the farm and number of the field. • To include but not limited to seed variety, farm, region, transportation to mill, milling process/segregation, packaging, etc…… • Each variety is separately handled and the final product is stored accordingly.

24. DNA Testing • Is this necessary to ensure Traditional Basmati variety? • This is unnecessary if the capacity to inspect and analyze the different varieties of Basmati exists with the buyer and origin is ensured. • Where and when should it be done in the production cycle? • In case it is necessary, the test should be done before packing of the consignment at the mills. • Cost associated • Each sample takes a week in the process and costs about 200$.

25. Organic Traditional Basmati milled rice • 1,000 Hectares producing 2,400 MT • Evolved Basmati varieties • 12,650 Hectares producing 30,000MT • Certified(NOP/USDA) organic Basmati rice=7,000 MT • Premium charged= 20-25% • Is there significant land stewardship practices compared to conventional? • Definitely yes because it requires extra efforts.

26. THANKS