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Semantic Web Technologies

Semantic Web Technologies. ufiekg-20-2 | data, schemas & applications | lecture 21 original presentation by: Dr Rob Stephens (robert.stephens@uwe.ac.uk). Semantic technologies. Structured data is the new SEO? Microformats and RDFa Some examples Semantic web

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Semantic Web Technologies

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  1. Semantic Web Technologies ufiekg-20-2 | data, schemas & applications | lecture 21 original presentation by: Dr Rob Stephens (robert.stephens@uwe.ac.uk)

  2. Semantic technologies • Structured data is the new SEO? • Microformats and RDFa • Some examples • Semantic web • The Semantic Web is the abstract representation of data on the World Wide Web (based on the RDF standards and other standards to be defined). • “The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” -- Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001

  3. The Current Web • Resources: • identified by URI's • untyped • Links: • href, src, ... • limited, non-descriptive • Humans: • Characteristics of the documents is (normally) clear to those with a grasp of English. • Machines: • Very little information available.

  4. The Semantic Web • Resources: • Common naming syntax (URI's) • Links: • Common naming syntax (URI's) • User: • Richer user experience • Machine: • More processable information is available • Computers and people: • Work, learn and exchange knowledge effectively

  5. Semantic technologies

  6. Semantic technologies • Enhance machine interpretation • XML: Semiformal documents range between non-formatted texts and fully formatted databases • Microformats and RDFa add semantic attributes to existing web content. • RDF (Resource Description Framework): Structured metadata describe arbitrary heterogeneous Web pages/objects in a homogeneous manner • Machines (e.g. search engines, user agents) can analyze structured data better than full HTML

  7. Search Engine Optimization • Process of ensuring website is visible • Appear among top of search returns • Make search more predictable and reliable • Types of search • Sample • Existence • Exhaustive • Google Webmaster Guidelines • Search is the new navigation? • COI Web standards and guidelines • Structured Data the new SEO?

  8. Semantic technologies • Microformats • Add limited semantics to HTML • Uses class attributes, e.g. ‘div’, ‘span’ tags • E.g., <span class=“street-address”>London Rd.</span> • <span class=“postal-code”>BS99 3PQ</span> • Interoperability through standard microformats, e.g: • Elemental microformats (consist of just one tag) • Rel-home links to homepage <link href="http://technorati.com" rel="home" /> • Rel-License links to content license <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" rel="license">cc by2.0</a> • Compound microformats (more complex structures) • Often based on existing standard • E.g. hCard, hCalendar, hEvent, hReview • ‪Microformats in Google Maps + Operator‬

  9. Organization of information • Separation of content and presentation • Promotes machine readability • Aides distinguishing things that are presented in the same way, but have different meaning • Content can be presented on a number of device • Example from Wikipedia

  10. Organization of information • Classification • Taxonomy • Folksonomy • Ontology • RDF lets you make statements about things but doesn’t say what they mean. • Ontology is a formal representation of the knowledge by a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It is used to reason about the properties of that domain, and may be used to describe the domain.

  11. Semantic technologies • RDFa • Resource Description Framework in attribute • Is a W3C recommendation extension to XHTML • Significantly simpler than RDF • Easy to transform RDFa into RDF data. • RDFa primer from W3C • RDFa on Drupal • W3C recommendation

  12. Semantic Technologies • Examples: • Facebook Open Graph protocol • Google Rich Snippets • Semantic Drupal • Siri by Tom Gruber • Semantic web

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