What is Engineering? What is not Engineering? How do Engineers do their job? Roles of Engineers

1. What is Engineering?What is not Engineering?How do Engineers do their job?Roles of Engineers Outline

2. What is Engineering? • Engineers solve problems using knowledge of math, science, and technology. • The profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use (economically) the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humankind. ABET

3. Other definitions of Engineering • “Design under constraint," where the constraints include the laws of nature, cost, safety, reliability, environmental impact, manufacturability, and many other factors. While science attempts to discover what is, engineering is concerned with what might be. Engr in K-12 Education • Engineering is the practical application of science and math to solve problems. GA Tech

4. Engineering is not… • Building a house • Just making something • Designing a menu • Sewing or knitting • Simply using technological tools • Programming your DVD player • Applying science, but rather figuring out how to solve problems using knowledge of science.

5. What Engineers do • Solve problems by designing things • Create, design, test, or improve objects or systems • Develop new industries, businesses, and technologies • Use existing technology in new and novel ways for the betterment of humankind • Build upon our existing technology base

6. How do Engineers Benefit Society? • Creators of wealth • What other professions are “wealth generating”? • Creators of jobs and business • Engineers can give their nation advantages over other nations • Engineers bring greater value to a nation’s resources. • Engineers build systems that allow people to be more efficient and effective. • Engineers find ways to efficiently use energy and resources.

7. Engineering Design Process Some engineers use the • Identify need – define your problem • Brainstorm ideas • Define the criterion used to pick a particular solution over others (cost, reliability, safety, ease of use, etc.) • Build a prototype • Test and Evaluate • Go back to step 2 or 3 and refine design

8. Engineers also engineer by Using the ideas of others and expanding on these to advance technology.

9. Isaac Newton once said, "If I have been able to see farther than others, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants." Newton perfected the Telescope

10. Engineers also engineer because There is a new need

11. Wheel is invented 5500 years ago but the bicycle emerges in 1817 German Baron Karl Von Drais invented a “walking machine” to help him get around the gardens. The Hobby Horse as it was called was pushed forward by the rider’s feet. http://www.karl-drais.de/rubrik.htm

12. Why the “Hobby Horse”? • In 1815, Indonesian Volcano, Tambora, explodes releasing the greatest known mass of dust into the atmosphere. • An explosion seven times more massive than Krakatoa in 1883. • 1816 is known as the “year without a summer” • Many horses were killed or died due to lack of fodder, causing a shortage of horses, leading to the development of a human powered “running machine”. Krakatoa Tambora

13. Engineers also engineer because oops – look what just happened!

14. In 1839 Charles Goodyear makes a “trial and error” discovery Some Rubber and Sulfur are mixed on a hot stove. This causes the rubber to become vulcanized. The Sulfur helps link the long polymer chains together so that rubber is more durable and able to hold shapes over a wide range of temperatures. This is called curing.

15. Engineers also engineer because The materials and manufacturing has caught up with a good idea. Ball bearings reduce the friction of spinning wheels. DaVinci is credited with sketching ball bearings around 1500.

16. Engineers also engineer because Geography provides all the necessary components.

17. Domestication of large animalsexploits the usefulness of wheelsleading to the beginning of agrarian societies • Jared Diamond identifies only 14 domesticated large mammal species worldwide. The five most useful (cow, horse, sheep, goat, and pig) are all descendants of species from Eurasia. Of the remaining nine, only two (the llama and alpaca both of South America) are indigenous to a land outside the temperate region of Eurasia. • What does this mean for Native Americans, Africans, Australians, and most South Americans? • Culture and technological progress depends on an advantageous geography. UC Berkeley

18. Eurasia Large continuous Temperate zone in which domesticated animals could evolve and spread out. Shown in pink are the Temperate Zones having Four Seasons and Grasslands. Wikipedia

19. Engineers also engineer because of Previous Experience and well honed experimental skills

20. Wilbur and Orville Wright

21. Engineers also engineer because of very deliberate attempts to make something specific

22. The Transistor Bell Telephone wanted a solid state replacement to the vacuum tube that would amplify telephone signals better and faster.

23. Roles of Engineers • Sales (direct contact with customer) • Research • Design • Development (build prototype) • Analysis (using computer-based tools) • Systems (integration of all parts) • Manufacturing • Testing and QA • Consulting (e.g. legal consulting on patent cases) • Management • Customer and/or Technical Support

24. Challenges facing Engineers? Have you heard of these • Environmental issues (also an opportunity) • Energy Crisis • Skills Obsolescence • Off-shoring jobs, training, and education. • Technology Obsolescence • Lack of Entrepreneurial Acumen • Loosely Organized (many engineers are not licensed) • Influencing Public Policy • Creating a united voice for or against issues that effect engineers and society.

25. Technology evolves • Don’t reinvent the wheel • Devices and systems start simple and become increasingly more complex. • Ideas are borrowed and poached constantly. • Some new science is discovered and people find useful ways to use this discovery. • You can not own or patent an idea, so rewards exist for innovation.

26. Do you see a similarity? Wood Lathe Apple Peeler Corer

27. All Technology has trade-offs Nothing is black and whiteIs there any 100% perfect invention?

28. Consider of the trade-offs of: • Jacquard’s Loom • Spinning Jenny • Motors • Interstate Highways • Air conditioning • Bicycle • Printing Press • Accurate clocks