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Unit 5

Unit 5. Agriculture and Rural Land Use. Unit 5. Agriculture and Rural Land Use. Agriculture. Most common 250,000 Hunters & Gatherers Allows for… Settlement Development Civilization. Agriculture. Commercial Farming Market Subsistence Only enough. Agriculture. Origin

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Unit 5

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  1. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  2. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  3. Agriculture • Most common • 250,000 Hunters & Gatherers • Allows for… • Settlement • Development • Civilization

  4. Agriculture • Commercial Farming • Market • Subsistence • Only enough

  5. Agriculture • Origin • Carl Sauer • Vegetative Planting • Not seeds / Parts of plants • SE Asia • Separation / Replanting • Diffusion • China, Japan, Africa, SW Asia, etc

  6. Agriculture • Origin • Andes / West Africa • Physical barriers

  7. Seed Agriculture • Plants from seeds • Improvement • Higher yield

  8. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  9. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  10. Quiz Ferret! !

  11. Quiz Ferret! Where does Carl Sauer believe the first hearth of agricultural practices is located?

  12. Quiz Ferret! SE Asia using vegetative planting!

  13. 1st Revolution • Agriculture / Neolithic Revolution • 12,000 years • Domestication • Hunter / Gatherer • Stationary • Independent Development

  14. Agricultural Revolution • W India • Wheat / Barley • SW Asia • Barley, Wheat, Animals • Sheep, Goats • Northern China • Millet • S Mexico • Squash / Corn

  15. Agriculture • Northern Peru • Cotton • Squash • Bean

  16. Industrial Revolution • 2nd Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure Movement • Land Divided • Wealthier Individuals • Ownership of Land

  17. Industrial Revolution • Social Changes • Move to cities • Jobs • Improved Transportation • New forms of energy

  18. Industrial Revolution • New Technologies • Horses • Collars • Field Drainage • Irrigation • Storage • Understanding Soil Nutrients • Crop Rotation

  19. Industrial Revolution • Selective Breeding • Plants and Animals

  20. Industrial Revolution • 1800’s • Globalization / Industrialization • Increased food supply • Agricultural Production / Fertilizers • Pesticides • Farming / Food production • Specialization • From farm to factory

  21. Industrialization • Crops raised / processed / distributed • Milk • 1700’s • 1900’s

  22. Agribusiness • Modern Food Production • Large Corporate farms • Own most or all parts of production • Seed -> Marketing and selling of produce

  23. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  24. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  25. Green Revolution • 1950’s – Present • Norman Borlaug • Hybrid Seeds / Fertilizers • Maximize output • Help others support populations • Mexico • India

  26. Green Revolution • Wheat / Maize / Rice • Pesticides and Fertilizers • World Hunger • Grain production increased45%

  27. Green Revolution • Africa • Problems • Greater inequality • Inadequate resources

  28. Green Revolution • Problems • Pollution • Greater use of energy • Pesticides • Water • Diversity in seed strands

  29. Bio-Revolution • Genetic Modification • GMO’s • Improve production • Genetic Engineering • Faster / larger / Pesticides / Drought Resistance

  30. Bio-Revolution • Animals • Meat • Milk

  31. Bio-Revolution • Support • Output • Reduce Cost • Fertilizer • More food for growing world

  32. Bio-Revolution • Criticism • Crop disease • Genetic Diversity • More pesticides • Push out small farmers

  33. Quiz Ferret! !

  34. Quiz Ferret! Who was the American scientist who started the Green Revolution?

  35. Quiz Ferret! Norman Borlaug!

  36. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  37. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  38. Agricultural Practices • Subsistence • Commercial

  39. Subsistence Agriculture • Less Developed Nations • Provide for family • Three Types • Shifting • Intensive Subsistence • Pastoralism

  40. Subsistence Agriculture • Shifting Cultivation • Three Field System • Rotate Fields • Nutrients Replenished • Tropical Regions • Africa, Amazon River, SE Asia

  41. Subsistence Agriculture • Thin top soil • Nutrient Depletion • Heavy Rains • Slash and Burn Agriculture • Clear land • Swidden • Labor intensive • Large amounts of Land

  42. Subsistence Agriculture • Slash and Burn • Many types of seed • Reduce crop failure risk • Environmental Issues • Land cannot recover • Cause permanent damage

  43. Subsistence Agriculture • Intensive Subsistence • Heavily populated areas • Not much land • China, India, SE Asia • Terraced Farming

  44. Subsistence Agriculture • Intensive • Rice • Rainfall • Wheat, corn, millet • Double Cropping • Multiple crops in one field

  45. Subsistence Agriculture • Pastoralism • Breeding and herding • Not hospitable for crops • Grasslands, deserts, steppes • Sedentary • Living in one place • Nomadic • Roaming

  46. Subsistence Agriculture • Pastoralism • Cows, Sheep, Goats, Camels • Animal meat not usually for consumptions • Use animals for fur, milk, and to trade • N Africa, Central / S Africa, ME, Central Asia (Mongolia) • Nomads move with cattle • Cool highlands = summer • Warm lowlands = winter • Transhumance

  47. Quiz Ferret! !

  48. Quiz Ferret! Which category of agricultural practice is most likely found in LDC?

  49. Quiz Ferret! Subsistence!

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