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S Peder Cuneo U of Az Extension Veterinarian

GPP 2 - Establish Veterinary Client Relationship & GPP 3 - Follow Healthy Production Practices & GPP - 6 Maintain Biosecurity. S Peder Cuneo U of Az Extension Veterinarian. Start With a Healthy Animal. The First Step in Biosecurity

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S Peder Cuneo U of Az Extension Veterinarian

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  1. GPP 2 - Establish Veterinary Client Relationship &GPP 3 - Follow Healthy Production Practices &GPP - 6 Maintain Biosecurity S Peder Cuneo U of Az Extension Veterinarian

  2. Start With a Healthy Animal • The First Step in Biosecurity • The Most Important Step in Development of an effective vaccination program/herd health • Reduces (Eliminates) need for Treatment and residue worrries • Get Best Response to Feeding Program

  3. Vaccination, Introduction to Animal Health Program • Proper nutrition • Protein and trace minerals in young growing animals • Low stress conditions • Stress hormones reduce immune system • Functioning immune system

  4. Killed Vaccines and Toxoids Modified Live Chemically Altered Vaccine tools for the immune system

  5. Wide variety of Dz protection No risk of reverting to “wild strain” No risk of spread between animals Little risk of abortion More stable in storage No on farm mixing required Good stimulant for colostrum More likely to cause allergic reaction/lumps Boosters usually required Slower onset of immunity May not stimulate as strong or long lasting immunity Narrower spectrum of protection vs. MLV Blocking by maternal antibodies problem for young stock Cost is often higher Killed Vaccines/Toxoids/Chemically Altered

  6. One dose can provide protection More rapid protection Wider spectrum of protection vs. Killed Less likely to cause allergic reaction/lumps Not as susceptible to passive antibody block Cost usually less vs. Killed Possible reversion to virulent forms Disease problems in immune stressed animals Possible excessive immune response Risk of abortion/infertility Handling and mixing Modified Live

  7. Vaccine Handling • Follow label • Storage especially refrigeration • FOLLOW LABELS • PREGANCY STATUS, AGE, BOOSTER • Expiration date • Refrigeration after mixing • MLV short life after mixing/temperature effect

  8. Vaccination Procedures • FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS • Route of injection and location • Tent skin for SubQ • Needle length • IM 1-1.5 inch 16 or 18 gauge • SubQ 3/4 inch or 1 inch 16-18 gauge • Spread out injection sites • Change needles every 10-20 head

  9. Vaccination ProceduresPart II • Make sure hide/skin is clean/free of mud and manure • DO NOT USE SKIN DISINFECTANT OR DIP NEEDLE IN DISINFECTANT WHEN USING A MLV VACCINE • DO NOT MIX VACCINES • FOLLOW QA GUIDELINES ON INJECTION SITES

  10. Vaccine Labeling • Label Claims Reflect Differing Levels of Assurance of Performance • Label Claims are Negotiated Between USDA & Manufacturer • USDA Provides Independent Assurance that Label Claims can be Substantiated

  11. Labels Imply Different Outcomes • Available Options • a) “To Prevent Infection. . .” • b) “To Prevent Disease. . .” • c) “As an Aid in the Prevention of Disease. . .”

  12. Option c) in labeling"As an aid in the prevention of disease due to..." or "for the reduction of.." Is used for products that produce a significant effect in achieving the claim • Mild disease • Multi-agent disease "syndromes" • Severe challenge can overwhelm protective effect

  13. FAILURE TO RESPOND INSUFFICIENT RESISTANCE BLOCKING MATERNAL ANTIBODIES LAG TIME FAILURE TO BOOST HANDLING Acute Reactions Persistent Infection Chronic Reactions Suppression of Performance Infectious, Contagious “Vaccines” Vaccinal Lesions at Slaughter VACCINE FAILURE

  14. Drug use and label guidelines • OTC (Over The Counter) • Purchased and used by producer without input from veterinarian • Product must have directions that are clear enough for safe and effective use by producer • Owner is responsible for any residues • ALL LABEL DIRECTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY

  15. Label guidelines II • Legend drugs • Drugs determined by FDA to require veterinary “supervision” for safe and effective use • Name and address of dispensing veterinarian must be on container • ALL DISPENSING DIRECTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED EXACTLY

  16. Label guidelines III • Extralabel Drug Use (ELUD) • The use of any OTC or label (prescription) drug in any manner not specified on the label • Use in different species • Use in different class of animal • Dose used • Route of administration • Disease condition not indicated on label

  17. ELDU • Title 21 CFR new Part 530 • Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 • ELDU outside of AMDUCA is a violation of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act • Enforcement of ELDU is under the control of Federal Food and Drug Administration

  18. Requirements for ELDU • Valid veterinary-client-patient relationship • Vet responsible for clinical judgment • Lack of labeled therapeutic alternative • None on market • Available drugs ineffective at labeled dose • Complete records • Withdrawal times

  19. Limitations of ELDU • Must have VALID vet/client/patient relationship • Feed additives can NEVER be used under ELDU, only to treat disease • There are Prohibited drugs that can Neverbe used

  20. Chloramphenicol Clenbuterol Diethylstilbestrol Dimetridazole Ipronidazole Other nitroimidazoles Furazlidone Nitrofurazone Sulfonamide drugs in lactating diary cattle (three specific exceptions) Fluoroquinolones Glycopeptides FDA Sec 530.41 Prohibited Drugs

  21. Classification of Antibiotic Use • Therapeutic • Application of a specific drug to treat a specific health problem • Sub therapeutic • Low level of antibiotics fed to stimulate growth and improve feed conversion • Average amount fed is less than 2 oz/ton feed

  22. Not following label directions No records Misidentification Excess volume injection Chronic with depressed liver/kidney function Treated before purchase Unaware of withdrawal times Feed/water contamination Antibiotics/chemical residues They won’t test David’s Top 10 Reasons Why Beef Residues Happen

  23. Biosecurity “Is the outcome of all activities undertaken by an entity to preclude the introduction of disease agents into an area that one is trying to protect” David Dargatz, Vet Clinics North American vol 18:1 pg 1

  24. Biosecurity and Technology • Vaccinology • Therapeutic Drugs • Diagnostic Testing

  25. Biosecurity What To Avoid • Reliance on vaccination • Reliance on therapy • Attempting to overcome genetic/inherited problems • Making assumptions about animals status that can be tested but are not “I assumed”

  26. BiosecurityBasics for Livestock Activities… can you say “A-RITS”

  27. THE “A’ FROM A-RITS • Risk Assessment • Evaluate … decide level appropriate • Risk Management • Resistance, Exposure, Transmission • Risk Documentation • Record … Review recordings • Surveillance testing

  28. Risk Areas • Procurement • Feed/Water • Wildlife, Arthropods, Insects • Caretakers, Service,Visitors • Equipment • Wind-delivered

  29. Biosecurity The “RITS” • Resistance, Isolation, Traffic Control, & Sanitation. • Maximize resistance • (General  Specific) • Isolate from outside and within • Control exposure & potential spread • Clean, Clean & Clean

  30. Healthy Livestock • Start with healthy animals • Biosecurity • Keep animals healthy • Biosecurity • Animal health programs • Teach excellent animal husbandry/care • Production animal welfare

  31. HAPPY TRAILS!!

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