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WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR I. “THE GREAT WAR” 1914 to 1918. BACKGROUND. By early 1900’s, European nations began massive military build up, mainly to protect overseas interests. . The M.A.I.N. Reasons Behind WWI. M: Militarism Build up of army and military forces A: Alliances

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WORLD WAR I

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  1. WORLD WAR I “THE GREAT WAR” 1914 to 1918

  2. BACKGROUND • By early 1900’s, European nations began massive military build up, mainly to protect overseas interests.

  3. The M.A.I.N. Reasons Behind WWI • M: Militarism • Build up of army and military forces • A: Alliances • Formal agreement made between two or more countries to have each other’s backs in the event of war • I: Imperialism • When a country takes over new lands or countries and makes them subject to their rule (i.e.. Great Britain in India, France in Africa) • N: Nationalism • Pride in one’s country

  4. M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI: • MILITARISM • Many countries had built up the size of their armed forces and weaponry. • Examples • Austria-Hungary: machine guns • Germany: manufactured u-boats • France: added men to their armed forces

  5. M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI: ALLIANCES • Triple Alliance: • Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy • Triple Entente: • France, Russia, Great Britain

  6. M.A.I.N. Causes…continued • Imperialism • Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain • Saw themselves as great nations • Huge empires • History of taking sides in earlier conflicts • Nationalism • As seen last unit, led to the development of new European nations: • Italy, Germany • Leads to power struggles with more established nations (i.e.. Great Britain, Russia, France)

  7. Austria-Hungary Serbia Took Bosnia from Turkey Serbia becomes angry; claims Bosnia is theirs Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his pregnant wife visit Bosnia Serbian terrorist group: The Black Hand, hear of visit Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Gavrilo Princip

  8. Events Leading to WWI: 1914 Triple Alliance Triple Entente • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • France • Russia • Great Britain Russia back Serbia Germany sees Russia as a threat Germany declares war on Russia Germany invades Belgium on way to defeat France/Russia Great Britain enters war Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia 8/1914 WWI begins

  9. Ok, take a break! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWF86D_UNxc • http://www.history.com/videos/wwi-firsts

  10. Where is the US in all of this? • US remained neutral: President Wilson says US should stay out of affairs of other nations. US doesn’t formally enter war until 1917, although involved behind the scenes: provides Allied Powers with weapons and supplies. 1915 German u-boat sinks of passenger liner Lusitania 120 Americans aboard _____ German submarines sank US merchant ships 1917 Zimmerman Note Proposed Mexico attack US. In return, Germany promises TX, NM and AZ _____ April 1917 US enters war

  11. Changes in Warfare http://www.sonicbomb.com/xv1.php?vid=ww1_ht&id=548&ttitle=WW1%20-%20Hell%20in%20the%20Trenches&s=80&w=700&h=400

  12. Changes in Warfare: War in the Trenches Also used during Civil War (1865) Conditions during WWI: Rats Lice Rain/flooded causing trench foot Dead bodies Disease spread rapidly

  13. TRENCH FOOT Many soldiers fighting in the First World Warsuffered from trench foot. This was an infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and insanitary conditions. In the trenches men stood for hours on end in waterlogged trenches without being able to remove wet socks or boots. The feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue. If untreated, trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in amputation. Trench foot was a particular problem in the early stages of the war. For example, during the winter of 1914-15 over 20,000 men in the British Army were treated for trench foot. Source: http://www.spartcus.schoolnet.co.uk

  14. Changes in Warfare: No Man’s Land Ground between two opposing trenches (for example, Great Britain and Germany) Seldom crossed in daylight: shot at, grenades, barbed wire, water filled shell holes. Strewn with dead bodies, abandoned military equipment

  15. Changes in Warfare: No Man’s Land Military advances such as machine guns, hand-grenades, chemical gases, along with traditional trench warfare led to the creation of “No Man’s Land,” a zone between the trenches that caused a war of attrition (or a stalemate.)

  16. Changes in Warfare: War in the Trenches Introduction of poison gas. Could choke, blind, or burn victims. Gas masks used for first time Tanks Aircraft http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xA4SEpU3WvM

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qts3K3KznN4

  18. Poetry as a Means of Expression IN FLANDERS FIELD In Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on rowThat mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields. DULCE ET DECORUM EST Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,Till on the haunting flares we turned our backsAnd towards our distant rest began to trudge.Men marched asleep. Many had lost their bootsBut limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hootsOf disappointed shells that dropped behind.GAS! Gas! Quick, boys!-- An ecstasy of fumbling,Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;But someone still was yelling out and stumblingAnd floundering like a man in fire or lime.--Dim, through the misty panes and thick green lightAs under a green sea, I saw him drowning.In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.If in some smothering dreams you too could paceBehind the wagon that we flung him in,And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;If you could hear, at every jolt, the bloodCome gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cudOf vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,--My friend, you would not tell with such high zestTo children ardent for some desperate glory,The old Lie: Dulce et decorum estPro patria mori.

  19. WWI in Art: Otto Dix Self Portraits: 1912, 1914

  20. Propaganda and WWI: Great Britain

  21. Propaganda and WWI: United States

  22. Music and WWI In addition to propaganda posters, music played a role in WWI morale. American George M. Cohan was given a Congressional Gold Medal by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936. Cohan’s music was said to have raise the spirits of the American public. Some of the songs he wrote are still part of patriotic celebrations today. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1rkzUIL8oc&feature=related

  23. Improved Technology = Higher Death Toll Civil War – estimate at least 618,000, as high as 700,000 How does the total number of WWI deaths compare to the estimated number of slaves taken from Africa as a result of the Transatlantic slave trade?

  24. Russia Revolts!

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