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A. B. Which of the above is living? Talk with your neighbor… HOW do you know which is living? What made you choose one over the other?. A: A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is covered with a glasslike shell and lives in the ocean. B. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water.
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A. B. Which of the above is living? Talk with your neighbor… HOW do you know which is living? What made you choose one over the other? A: A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is covered with a glasslike shell and lives in the ocean. B. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water.
Biology • The organized study of living things and their interactions with the environment around them • In other words, The study of life!
Themes in Biology • Organization • Cells • Correlation between structure & function • Interaction between organisms & their environment • Unity in diversity • Evolution (change over time) • Scientific Processes
Living things don’t exist in isolation… • All living things depend on other living (and non-living) things in a variety of ways • Examples: • Plants and Humans • Humans and water.
Time to think…. • On your own, think of some characteristics you would look for to determine if something is alive or not. • Now, share your ideas with one neighbor. • Finally, let’s share as a whole group….
WHAT IS LIFE? • Living things are called ORGANISMS • All organisms must have ALL of the following NINE Characteristics of Life… Remember: FRED H. GARC
“FRED” • F – Use and need Food • Organisms need nourishment as they grow and change • Organisms go through METABOLISM: • The combination of chemical reactions through which organisms build up or breakdown materials as it carries out its life processes • R – Must be capable of Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction • Offspring result from and resemble ONE parent • Sexual Reproduction • Offspring result from and resemble TWO parents • E – Must be able to transfer Energy • Different organisms obtain energy in different ways (plants vs. animals vs. bacteria) • D – Develop and Grow • Organisms undergo a series of stages to reach maturity • Infant Toddler Young Adult Adult
“H” • H – Homeostasis • Is a Steady internal balance • H+ • Blood Pressure • Respiration rate • Body Temperature
“GARC” • G – Genetic code • All organisms are based on virtually the same genetic code • Inheritance of traits is carried and directed by DNA • A – Adapt to change and EVOLVE • ADAPTATION • Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment • Structural – wings, arms, ect. • Physiological – internal body processes • Behavioral – innate, learned • R – Respond to stimuli • Variables (both living & nonliving) cause organisms to make internal as well as external adjustments • STIMULUS • A condition in the environment that requires an organism to change or adjust • RESPONSE • A reaction to a stimulus • C – Made of at least one (1) Cell
Made up of Cells • Cell • A collection of matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings • Organisms can be unicellular (single-celled) or multi-cellular (many-celled)
1.) Atom 2.) Molecule 3.) Macromolecule 4.) Organelle 5.) Cell Levels of Organization From smallest to largest: • 6.) Tissue • 7.) Organ • 8.) Organ System • 9.) Organism