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Prophets

Prophets. Their Relationship to the Monarchy.

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Prophets

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  1. Prophets Their Relationship to the Monarchy

  2. Isaiah 37:33-35 Therefore thus says the Lord concerning the King of Assyria: He shall not come into this city, shoot an arrow there, come before it with a shield, or cast up a siege ramp against it. By the way that he came, by the same he shall return; he shall not come into this city, says the Lord. For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for the sake of my servant David. Isaiah often seen as supportive of Judah and the kings Isaiah (the prophet of 1-39) often dated 742 -701 BCE Line of David emphasized Messages of Hope (8th century)

  3. Division of the Kingdoms into Israel (Northern) and Judah (Southern) in 922 BCE Assyrian ruler, Tiglath-Pileser III (also named Pul) gets aggressive to the north shortly after Ahaz comes to power in Judah(735 BCE) Israel is in real disarray Death of Jereboam II in 746 BCE His son, Zechariah, is assassinated after only 6 months by Shallum Shallum is killed by Menahem in a month Menahem (745-738) makes tribute payments to TPIII to keep him out (2 Kings 15:19-20) Historical Info

  4. Pekahiah suceeds his father Menahem Murdered by one of his officers Pekah (737-732) Pekah resists TPIII along with Rezin, the King of Damascus among others Pekah and Rezin come to Ahaz to get Judah to join in the resistance Isaiah advises him to refuse (7:1-9 and 10-17) They approach in 734 Attack on north by Assyria succeeds in 722-21 More History

  5. Ahaz survived by being an Assyrian puppet Hezekiah hoped for independence when Sargon II dies in 705 and is replaced by Sennacherib Receives a Babylonian delegation (Isa 39:1-2) Sennacherib wages a campaign that destroys much of Judah (Isa 36:1-22) Jerusalem spared; Isa 10:24-27 Assyria Does Not Go Away

  6. 9:1-7 Probably a hymn to Ahaz at his coronation or one to his son Hezekiah at his “child” and “son” references to the king – Psalm 2:7 another example Wonderful Counselor Divine wisdom that the king exercises Mighty God Not divine, but a representative of God Everlasting Father Davidic line celebrated; father also common for king Prince of Peace Like vv 1-5 Isaiah’s Support of the Davidic Line

  7. 11:1-9 Probably celebrates Hezekiah Stump of Jesse is David’s family Spirit of the Lord comes on kings (I Sam 16:13) Fair Judge Time of peace Jerusalem is the center A Similar Text of Support

  8. Message is to Israel or the Northern Kingdom during reign of Jereboam II Prosperity of Jeroboam II’s reign has led to class division Judgment (by God but via Assyria) is on the way 5:10-13 5:18-24 4:1-3 8:1-38:4-14 Even takes it to the king’s sanctuary; 7:10-17 Amos – a different perspective

  9. Southern Kingdom around 701 BCE Social evils of those in power denounced; 2:1-11 and 3:1-12. Note he sees Jerusalem falling – although that does not happen immediately Also some support for the kingship; 5:1-6 Like Amos in the demands of God 6:1-8 Micah

  10. Assyrian leader Ashurbanipal dies in 627 BCE Babylonian leader Nabopolassar starts to reassert his nation’s power Josiah, in Judah, begins to reclaim northern territory Josiah also instigates a major religious reform in 621 BCE Nineveh and the Assyrian Empire fall once and for all in 612 BCE to the Babylonians and their allies The Egyptians enter with a challenge from the south; Josiah dies in battle with them in 609 (Pharaoh Necho) Josiah’s son Jehoiakim takes the throne A Move to the 6th and 5th Centuries

  11. The Egyptians were defeated by the Babylonians at Carchemish in 605 Jerusalem, which had been an Egyptian vassal, now came under Babylonian control Nabopolassar is succeeded by his son Nebuchadnezzar Jehoiakim saw his chance to be free and renounced his vassal status Nebuchadnezzar was slow to respond Jehoiakim died and his son Jehoiachin took his place Babylonians came in 597 and easily took Jerusalem Jehoiachin and the elite are taken into exile Zedekiah, a son of Josiah, is placed on the throne as a Babylonian vassal History Review Continued

  12. Zedekiah ruled 10 years; in 594 he decided to try and throw of the Babylonians Nebuchadnezzar sieged Jerusalem for a year and a half and then it fell 587/86 BCE – the Temple, palace, city walls were all destroyed and many people carried off in what is called “The Great Exile” Nebuchadnezzar puts a governor on the throne Nebuchadnezzar dies in 562; Babylonian empire is in decline from then 539 – the Babylonians fall to the Persians and the Medes and their ruler Cyrus the Great Cyrus issues his famous edict (see Ezra 1) And even more history

  13. Sheshbazzar’s mission is not sucessful 520 Darius (new Persian ruler) tries again with Zerubabbel and Joshua Rebuilding of the temple is completed then – Second or Zerubabbel’s Temple Last of the History

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