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Why was Nelson Mandela so significant?

Why was Nelson Mandela so significant?. LO: To examine Mandela’s role within the apartheid movement Starter: Complete the wordsearch in pairs. Format of lesson. Activity 1 – Complete card sort 10 mins Activity 2 – Watch videos – discuss ‘apartheid’ – 10 mins

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Why was Nelson Mandela so significant?

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  1. Why was Nelson Mandela so significant? LO: To examine Mandela’s role within the apartheid movement Starter: Complete the wordsearch in pairs.

  2. Format of lesson • Activity 1 – Complete card sort 10 mins • Activity 2 – Watch videos – discuss ‘apartheid’ – 10 mins • Activity 3 – 10 minutes reading about apartheid – answer questions. • Activity 4 – 10 minute silent writing activity • Reward – Watch the predecessor to ‘District 9’ – a sci fi film set in South Africa.

  3. Card sort • In your table groups, look at the signs. • Cut them out and try to divide them into groups. • E.g. Most aggressive/least aggressive?

  4. Your extended homework task • You need to produce a project on Nelson Mandela and his role within the anti-apartheid movement. • You could produce it either as: • A newspaper frontpage announcing his release from prison • A film focussing on his life (using Windows Moviemaker?) • A podcast • Due date – the deadline will be Tuesday 6th December for 9C and 9S.

  5. What was apartheid? • http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_8440000/newsid_8448900/8448959.stm • What do we learn from this clip about apartheid?

  6. The end of apartheid • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/apartheid-laws-scrapped/7309.html • What do we learn from this clip about apartheid?

  7. ‘District 9’ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlgtbEdqVsk (the original film on which District 9 is based). • Why do you think the film is set in South Africa? • Are there any parallels between apartheid and the events depicted in the film?

  8. Overview of Apartheid (an Afrikaans word meaning ‘separateness’)

  9. Background • 1652 white settlers arrive, mostly Dutch, called Boers, took best farmland from black tribes • Captured by Britain in 1806 • New wave of conflict between black & white • Boers did not want to be ruled by British, and didn’t believe black & white people were equal • 1899-1902 Boers fight Britain • 1909 Britain hands over power, 1910 Union of South Africa established

  10. Apartheid • Boers believed whites and blacks should live separately • Discrimination in 1920s; sexual relations banned, blacks couldn’t have skilled jobs, paid lower rates, some lost the rights to vote, forced to live in shanty towns • Apartheid formally introduced in 1948, and implemented over several years • Examples; in 1949 mixed marriages banned, 1950 Pass Laws for black, 1956 only whites could vote

  11. African National Congress • Founded in 1912 to try and unite black Africans • Wanted to protest peacefully • Younger members became unhappy with progress and wanted more militant action in order to achieve equality • Actions developed to include strikes, demonstrations, and civil disobedience

  12. Protest Sharpeville • 1960 protest against Pass Laws • Police opened fire, killing over 60 Africans (including women & children) in 30 seconds Soweto • 1976 protest by 20,00 children against teaching of Afrikaans in black schools • Riots spread, over 600 killed

  13. Nelson Mandela • Arrested at Sharpeville and a member on ANC’s Youth League • Banned by government him from attending public meetings • 1956 arrested for treason, found not guilty • Joined secret ‘Spear of the Nation’ organisation, which bombed government offices • 1963 Rivonia Trial – accused of sabotage, sentenced to life imprisonment

  14. Nelson Mandela • Became a symbol of resistance • Kept in a cell 7-feet square, for 16 hours a day • With the ending of Apartheid in the late 1980s, Mandela was freed in 1990, after serving 27 years in prison • In 1994 elections, ANC wins and Mandela became president

  15. International Reaction • Between 1946-1980, the United Nations passed over 150 actions against SA • Sanctions weren’t very successful (Britain didn’t support any sanctions until 1964) • Most successful action was severing of sporting links (SA was sports-mad) • 1970 banned from Olympics • 1974 expelled from United Nations

  16. 1980s • In 1978, new president (P W Botha) realised apartheid was not sustainable • Started process of reform, eg • In 1981 beaches no longer segregated • In 1983 blacks allowed to vote • In 1986 Pass Laws abandoned • Pressure from Bishop Desmond Tutu, internationally-known for opposition to apartheid • In 1988, UN demands release of Mandela

  17. End of Apartheid • By late 1980s, SA was experiencing increasing violence, becoming ungovernable • In Aug 1989, Botha resigns as president • New president, F W de Klerk, realised a new approach was necessary • De Klerk met Mandela and lifts the ban on the ANC & Mandela released from prison

  18. End of Apartheid • Elections set for April 1994 – 16m blacks allowed to vote (about ½ couldn’t read) • ANC gained 62% of the vote, 300 years of white rule were over

  19. Silent writing task Options: • Write a diary entry imagining what it would be like to be a black person in apartheid era South Africa. • Copy out the information on Nelson Mandela from the sheet.

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