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Knit garments marchandising

Presentation about 'Knit garments marchandising'

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Knit garments marchandising

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  1. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT KNIT GARMENTS MARCHANDISING Page 1 of 60

  2. Chapter 1 1.1: Introduction Garments are produced in the garments factories on industrial basis all the people of a specific country. Bangladesh is one of the garments producing & exporting country in the world market. At present there are about 4500 garments factories running in Bangladesh. Growth of garments factories started in Bangladesh around 1980.around 1980, garment production & export business was unknown to us. Foreign currency earning through garments export $3.24 million which was not countable in percentage of the total national foreign currency earnings. Afterwards, tremendous growth of garment factory, garments productions, garments export, the percentage of foreign currency earnings through garments export reached from 0% to around 80% of the national foreign currency earnings, in 2007-08 financial year. At present Bangladesh is producing & exporting more than 60 items of garments. the most common items are shirt, trouser, jacket, sports wear, T-shirt, polo shirts, ladies wear, sweater, socks, hats etc. this produced items are exported in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, middle east and many other countries in the world. Bangladesh is one of the important & competitive garments exporting country in the world market. Cheapest labor cost is the biggest advantage for Bangladeshi garments producers & exporters. 1.2 scope of the project Bangladesh is a developing country. And a developing country largely depends on foreign currency. Nearly 75%-80% of foreign currency is earned by exporting garments & textile. Merchandiser plays a vital role. At present a large number of merchandising personnel are working in textile & its sub-sector. But one thing is that in our country there have lots of differences between practical job life & general education life. It could be a problem during the time of service. So we have tried ourselves to establish a combination between our general education line & practical life with various article, documents & calculation. We hope this project will give a way to learn merchandising which will help in the future to lead our textile & garment sector. Page 2 of 60

  3. Chapter 2 Process flow chart of merchandising Process flow chart of merchandising Merchandiser Negotiation with buyer & collect order Costing Sample making (according to buyer requirement) Get approval &Placement of order Getting started (In-house preparation of accessories) Line balancing Commencing production Production Monitoring Inspection Buyer’s Inspection (After Finishing) Preparation of banking & documentation Shipment/delivery 2.1: Merchandiser 2.1.1: Definition of merchandiser The main role of a garments merchandiser is to collect garments export order (export L/C), produce the garments, export the garments and earn profit, to perform those functions successfully needs lot of knowledge, experience & tremendous effort for a merchandiser. The term merchandising is defined as follows: Definition of merchandising  The term merchandising related with trade  Trade means buying & selling  The person who is involved with trade, he/she is a merchandiser Page 3 of 60

  4. And the activities of a merchandiser is known as a merchandising 2.1.2: Function of the merchandiser Activities of Junior Merchandiser (In a factory)  Main task is ”production monitoring”  Collect “inventory report” from store  Swatch making & getting approval from buyer  Arrange preproduction meeting in order to prepare a schedule for smooth production  Place order to different production unit  Collect ”Daily Production Report & Daily Quality Report”  If any shortage in store, arrange locally.  Arrange final inspection Responsibilities of Senior Merchandiser  Sample development  Price negotiation  Order confirmation  L/C opening  Opening summery  Sourcing  Material collection  Production planning  Production monitoring  Quality assurance  Arrange final inspection  Arrange shipment Qualities of a merchandiser  Language skill  Computer skill Page 4 of 60

  5.    Marketing skill Right consumption knowledge of various goods Costing knowledge of raw materials Order getting ability (That is if the merchandiser is known by actual rate of raw materials, so that he can negotiate perfectly with buyer. In this way, the possibility of getting order is hundred percent.) Sincere & responsible Hard worker   2.2: Negotiation with buyer 2.2.1: Business collaboration The most critical work is the procurement of garment export order. Normally garment export order is found from the potential garment importers called garment buyer. Anybody wants to collect garments export order, should be able to convince the buyer. When the buyer is convinced about garment production, garments quality, garments costing and shipment ability of a garments exporter, he or she can think about issuing a garments export order. Without clear confidence among buyer& exporter from both sides, may be a risky business deal. If a garment exporter can continuously deal with only three or four buyer with buyer’s satisfaction, it will be sufficient enough to run garment production & garment export business smoothly round the year. A successful negotiation outcome does not generally occur through luck, but by following a clear process. The process reflects the different levels of knowledge of the subject of negotiation, various parties and the way they communicate at various stages in the negotiation. The following is an outline of steps essential to effective negotiation: 1) Researching the needs of both parties The greater the knowledge a buyer has of their own and the supplier’s requirements, the better able they are to construct an acceptable solution. The buyer must be clear about both the department mark-up to be placed on the product cost and the intended retail selling price so that she or he can judge the viability of the suppliers’ products. 2) Preparation Effective preparation is also vital to successful communication. It is essential that the buyer also has identified the maximum and minimum positions that she will accept for a range of factors including:  product price Page 5 of 60

  6.  order size  Lead- time. 3) Offer The buyer and supplier can make specific proposals to set the boundaries of the negotiation. 4) Discussion There will be areas on which one side can move than more then the other and vice versa. It is important for the buyer to make a note of which ones provide the greatest and least opportunities for flexibility. 5) Counter and revised offers This is the real bargaining where elements of the order, such as number of units, product details, lead-time and so on are being decided in the context of an overall cost price the buyer should make firm proposals. 6) Summaries 7) Agree & commit. 2.2.2: Processing of order Execution of garments export order After receiving the garment export order, without wasting any time, it is essential to prepare a schedule for the jobs to be done for safe execution of the export order. The main jobs for the execution of an export order are as follows:  Details analysis of export L/C  Preparation of a time schedule for the export L/C  Collection of fabric & accessories for the garment to be exported[source, quantity of the items, cost of the items, receiving data of the items, quality& quantity, Inspection of the items, etc]  Distribution of responsibilities for the jobs & duties  Production plan  Inspection of the produced garments for quality, quantity, packing & other requirements of the buyer.  Preparation of banking & shipment formalities  Continuous follow-up progress Page 6 of 60

  7.  Others. 2.3: Costing 2.3.1 Booking sheet. For required production of garments, yarn and fabric is booked or need to in house in factory. a sample booking sheet is given below: Page 7 of 60

  8. 2.3.2 Sample Local fabric price list Fabric Type Yarn Count Finished GSM M/C Dia Finished Dia Guage Shrinkage Remarks Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 110-120 40 s/1 17"-- 33" 24 Good Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 125-135 34 s/1 18" -- 34" 24 Good Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 140-150 30 s/1 19" -- 35" 24 Good Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 160-170 26 s/1 20" -- 37" 24 Good Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 180-190 24 s/1 20" -- 37" 24 Good Single Jersey 18.5"-- 34.5" 200-220 20 s/1 21" -- 38" 24 Good Lycra Jersey 34 s/1+40dI 170-180 22" / 25" 21" / 24" 24 Good Lycra Jersey 30 s/1+40dI 190-200 22" / 25" 22" / 25" 24 Good Lycra Jersey 26 s/1+40dI 210-220 22" / 25" 23" / 26" 24 Good Lycra Jersey 24 s/1+40dI 230-240 22" / 25" 23" / 26" 24 Good 18.5" 34.5" -- Picque 170-180 30 s/1 25" -- 47" 24 Good 18.5" 34.5" -- Picque 200-210 26 s/1 25" -- 47" 24 Good 18.5" 34.5" -- Picque 220-230 24 s/1 26" -- 48" 24 Good Page 8 of 60

  9. 18.5" 34.5" -- Picque 260-270 20 s/1 28" -- 50" 24 Good Single Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 170-180 30 s/1 24" -- 45" 24 Good Single Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 190-200 26 s/1 25" -- 46" 24 Good Single Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 210-220 24 s/1 26" -- 47" 24 Good Single Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 250-260 20 s/1 27" -- 48" 24 Good Double Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 170-180 34 s/1 25" -- 48" 24 Good Double Lacost 18.5" 34.5" -- 190-200 30 s/1 26" -- 49" 24 Good 2.3.3 CONSUMPTION KNIT GARMENTS Fabric Consumption Calculation for 1 dozen Men’s T-shirt: For a Men’s T-Shirt: a) G.S.M (Given by buyer) Body : 145-150 Neck/Rib : 175-180 Page 9 of 60

  10. b) Sewing & seam allowances (Not given by buyer) – 1.50-3cm c) Wastage % (Not given by buyer) – 7% d) Measurement chart (given by buyer) Measurement Chart: Parameter Given Estimated with sewing allowance a) Chest 96cm 102cm b) HPS 65cm 70cm c) sleeve length 20cm 25cm d) Arm hole 46cm 49cm e) Neck 58cm 61cm f) Neck width 2+2=4cm 7cm g) Bottom hem 2cm Formula: Cpd = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 10000000 Page 10 of 60

  11. Where, Cpd = Consumption per dozen L = Length W = Width A) Cpd (body) = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 10000000 = 70 x 102x 12 x 150 kg 10000000 = 1.28 kg B) Cpd (Sleeve) = L x W x 12 x 2 x GSM kg 10000000 = 25 x 49 x 12 x 2 x 150 kg 10000000 = 0.44 kg C) Cpd (Neck) = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 10000000 = 61 x 7 x 12 x 180 kg 10000000 = 0.092 kg So, total Cpd = (A + B+C) = (1.28 + 0.44 + 0.09) kg = 1.81 kg Actual Cpd = Total Cpd + 7% wastage Page 11 of 60

  12. = (1.81 + 7%) = 1.94 kg So, the fabric consumption for men’s T-shirt is 1.94 kg per dozen. Consumption Calculation for 1 dozen Polo shirt: Here, a) G.S.M. (given by buyer) body 145 – 150 Collar (12pcs) 400 Cuff (12 x 2) 300 b) Sewing & seam allowance 1.50 – 3cm c) Wastage % 7% d) Measurement chart (given by buyer) Measurement Chart: Parts Name Given Estimated Page 12 of 60

  13. a) Chest 96 cm 102 cm b) HPS 65 cm 70 cm c) Sleeve length 20 cm 25 cm d) Arm hole 46 cm 49 cm e) Collar length 46 cm 46 cm f) Collar width 7 cm 10 cm g) Cuff length 26 cm 10 cm h) cuff width 3 cm 5cm A) Cpd (body) = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 10000000 = 70 x 102x 12 x 150 kg 10000000 = 1.28 kg B) Cpd (Sleeve) = L x W x 12 x 2 x GSM kg 10000000 = 25 x 49 x 12 x 2 x 150 kg 107 = 0.44 kg C) Cpd (Collar) = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 107 = 46 x 10 x 12 x 400 kg 107 Page 13 of 60

  14. = 0.22 kg C) Cpd (Collar) = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 107 = 46 x 10 x 12 x 400 kg 107 = 0.22 kg D) Cpd (Cuff) = L x W x 12 x 2 x GSM kg 107 = 30 x 5 x 12 x 2 x 300 kg 107 = 0.108 kg So, total Cpd= A + B + C + D = (1.28 + 0.44 + 0.22 + 0.108) kg = 2.05kg Actual Cpd = 2.05 kg + 7% = 2.19 kg So, fabric consumption for 1 dozen polo shirt is 2.19 kg. Consumption Calculation for 1 dozen Trousers: Page 14 of 60

  15. For Trouser, a) G.S.M. (given by buyer) 180 - 250 b) Sewing & seam allowance 1.50 – 3cm c) Wastage % 7% d) Measurement chart (given by buyer) Measurement Chart: Parts Name Given Estimated a) Waist 112 cm 114 cm b)Side seam (length) 107 cm 114 cm c) Thigh (width 66 cm 72 cm d) Front rise 28 cm e) Back rise 36 cm f)Leg Opening (bottom) 46 cm Cpd = L x W x 12 x GSM kg 107 = 114 x 2 x 72 x 12 x 200 kg 107 Page 15 of 60

  16. = 3.93 kg Actual Cpd = (3.93 + 7%) kg = 4.2 kg So, fabric consumption for 1 dozen Trousers is 4.2 kg. COSTING: Coat a price for 1 dozen Men’s T-shirt: Pre-requisites: Unit price Costing 1. Fabric consumption 2 kg/dz $5.0/kg $10/kg 2. Accessories $2/dz $2/dz 3. CM (cost of manufacturing) $2/dz $2/dz Total $14 A) Direct cost (raw materials) = $14.0 B) Indirect cost (15% to 20% of direct cost) Indirect cost = $14.0 x 20% = $2.8 Page 16 of 60

  17. Total = $14.0 + $2.8 = $16.8 C) Profit @5% = $16.8 x 5% = @0.84 Therefore, total cost = $16.8 + $0.84 = $17.64 = $18 So, the cost for 1 dozen mean’s T-shirt is $18 Cost a price for 1 dozen Polo shirt: Pre-requisites Unit price Cost 1. Fabric consumption 2.7 kg/dz $5.0/dz $13.5 2. Accessories $2.5/dz $2.5 3. CM $4-6/dz $5 Total $21 A) Direct cost (raw material) = $21 Page 17 of 60

  18. B) Indirect cost = 15% - 20% of direct cost = $21 x 20% = $4.2 Total cost = A + B = $21 + $4.2 = 25.2 C) Profit at 5% = $25.2 x 5% = $26.46 = $26.5 The total cost for 1 dozen polo shirt is $26.5 2.3.4 Specimen sewing thread consumption Approx sewing thread consumption of different items No. Product name consumption 01 Basic t- shirt 125meter 02 Basic polo shirt 175 03 Tank top 50meter 04 Fleece/Sherpa jacket 250meter 05 Kids/girls dresses 300-450meter 06 basic long sleeve woven shirt 150meter 07 Basic short sleeve woven shirt 125 meter Page 18 of 60

  19. 08 basic long trouser/pant 350meter Machine wise sewing thread consumption/inch 1.plain m/c 1 needle 2.5 inch 2.plain m/c 2 needle 5 inch 3.over lock 3 thread 13.25 inch 4. over lock 4thread 16.75inch 5.over lock 5 thread 18.75inch 6.flat lock 3 thread 16.75inch 7.flat lock 5thread 22.25inch 8.bar tack stitching Per operation Generally 7 inch 2.3.5 Some conversion unit Conversion system 1 Yard = 0.9144 Meter 1 Foot = 0.3048 Meter 1 Foot = 30.48 cm 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 Meter = 1.09 Yard 1 Meter = 3.28 Foot 1 CM = 0.032 Foot 1 CM = 0.393 Inch 1 Square Inch = 6.45 Square CM 1 Square Meter = 0.836 Square CM Page 19 of 60

  20. 2.3.6 Specimen local accessories price list Local accessories suppliers are available in Bangladesh. Qualities are varying according to market place & price. Some companies are BUYER nominated. For example: 1) Plastiform 2) Bright trim etc. Approx. price range Accessories Hanger Papers hang tag Price tag Poly bag Carton (Note: price is varying according to market price) : 1.65-2.50 dollar : 10 cent-1 dollar. : 10 cent-60 cent : 30cent-1dollar (Depending on size & thickness) : 65 cent- 1.5 dollar Page 20 of 60

  21. Trims Sewing thread Button Rivet Hole button/chock button: 6 dollar- 8 dollar/gg (1728pcs=1gg;greater grows) Zipper : 1.20dollar-3.50dollar/dozen (pant) 7 dollar-12 dollar (jacket) : 70-85 cent ( per cone) : 1.2-2.5 dollar/grows (144 pcs=1 grows) : 80 cents-1.5 dollar/grows (Note: the price is depend on the basis of zipper quality that is cotton, nylon, polyester etc) 2.3.7Packing Accessories The Accessories which are used for garment packing during garment shipment to buyer are called packing accessories. Packing accessories are depended on garment packing and folding etc which is instructed by buyer. Poly bag, packing board, tissue paper, hanger, scotch tape, gum tape, carton etc are part of packing accessories. Page 21 of 60

  22. Packing should be varying (as per buyer garment packing instruction) in different orders as per instruction of buyer garments packing. , The number of one carton garments it is weight on depend carton quality. Understand quality of carton follow 3 ply, 5 ply, 7ply. The number of carton is high ply number it is very much it is hard and strong. The sea frights depend on dimension of the export carton and the air frights depend on dimension of the export carton or gross weight of the carton. CARTON TYPE OF CARTON: 1. DEPEND ON PAPER : 1. Khaki Carton Or Brown Carton 2. Duplex Carton 3. Box Carton 2. DEPEND ON STITCHING : 1. Stitching Carton 2. Now stitching /Gum Pasting Carton Or Metal Free Carton 3. DEPEND ON PLY : 1. 3 Ply Carton 2. 5 Ply Carton 3. 7 Ply Carton 4. DEPEND ON LINER : 1. Both Side Liner Carton 2. out Side Liner Carton 5. DEPEND ON SIZE : 1. Master Carton 2. Inner Carton Page 22 of 60

  23. CARTON MEASUREMENT: FORMULA (1) = (L+W) (W+H)X2 in cm (Without Wastage) 100X100 FURMULA (2) = (L+W+6) X (W+H+4) X 2/10000 (Include Wastage) PRICE = (L+W) (W+H) X 2 x Rate per Square Meter 100x100 = Rate/Pc Example: Here, L=30, w=40, H=20, From (2) = (30+40+6) X (40+20+4) X2/10000 = 0.97 Square Meter. Rate for 7 PLY = .55 USD [For GMTS Export Natural 7 Ply Used 5 PLY = .39 USD (.55X 5/7) (Less Wt Master Carton) 3 PLY = .23 USD (It is used as inner carton) NOTE: Some time some buyer wants top & bottom inside in the carton. It should be in 3 Ply. CARTON: Carton should be made of 7 ply to be exported. Carton is tested by carton bursting machine. Page 23 of 60

  24. "BUTTON" 40 Line =1 inch =2.54 cm=25.4 mm 1 line =0.635 MM TYPE : 1. Pearl button 2. Horn button: It is also polyester button 3. Chalk " 4. Logo " 5. Polyester " 6. Imitation leather 7. Polyester imitation button: 8. Nylon button 9. Alloy button 10. Brass fashion button 11. Jeans button 12. Snap button: 2 ports & 4 ports 13. Press button 14. ABS button 15. Polymat button : It is made of polyester & metal. 16. Cord button : It is made of cord. 17. Handicraft button : 18. Fabric Covered button: 19. Coconut button : 20. Wooden button : 21. Real horn button : Page 24 of 60

  25. 22. Real Shell button : 23. Rhine stone button : It is made of metal & stone "ZIPPER" TYPE OF ZIPPER: 1. DEPEND ON END 1. Open end Zipped: (a) Right insertion of sleeve & left puller (Men’s) (b) left insertion of sleeve & Right puller (Women’s) 2. DEPEND ON TEETH SIZE: 1. 3 SIZE 2. 4 SIZE 3. 5 SIZE 4. It depend on teeth length it 3 mm then size 3. 3. DEPEND ON TAPE: 1. Polyester 2. Cotton 4. DEPEND ON PULLER: 1. Double puller 2. Single 5. DEPEND ON SLIDER LOCK: 1. Auto lock 2. Semi lock 3. Non lock Page 25 of 60

  26. 6. DEPEND ON TEETH MATERIAL: 1. LYLON (COIL) 2. VISLON /PLASTIC ZIPPER 3. Metal 1. NYLON: SHINY RAINBOW, SHINY GOLD, SHINY SILVER, ANTIC BRASS. 2. METAL: BRASS, ANTIC BRASS, NIKEL BRASS, ALUMINIUM, PEWTER. 3. PLASTIC ON DERLIN: IVORY, TRANSLUCENT, SHINY GOLD, SILVER RAINBOW. QUALITY:- 1. AZO Free 2. NICKEL Free 3. Non magnetic. 4. Non toxic 5. Zipper teeth is not shrink so zipper tape S/B shrink free. 6. FBRIC S/B max 3% Shrinkage otherwise garment 7. like wavy & difficult for the zipper Slider 8. To go up and down . Page 26 of 60

  27. HHH ZIPPER COMPANY SYSTEM 1. Types of zipper The type and name of zipper is given on the basis of the material used in zipper teeth . Teeth size is expressed by # 3, #10 and on words . Page 27 of 60

  28. # 3 representing Smaller size teeth and # 10 the larger. PZ : Plastic zipper . CZ : Polyester Zipper , coil zipper (previously Known as Nylon Zipper) MZ: Metal Zipper GK: Antique Brass Zipper GB : Golden Brass Zipper AL : Aluminum Brass Zipper NI : Nickel Zipper. 2. FUNCTION : 0(0/E) : OPEN -END C (C/E) : CLOSED -END M(2 WAY) : 2 WAY OPENED EXAMPLE : PZC # 5: Plastic Zipper No 5 , Closed end PZM # 8: Plastic Zipper No 8 , Way Open End GKO # 5: Metal ,Antique Brass No .5 Open-End Open -end zipper are used generally in the front of garments closed-ends in pockets, hoods legs of garments. 3. POSITION OF SLIDER: L/S: Left Slider (Same as R/H-Right Hand) Men’s When a Jacket in Opened the Slider remains at the left Side of the user. R/S: Right Slider (Same as L/H-left hand) USE: L/S: IN Europe & Asia both male & female -IN USA Generally female. R/S: IN USA, Canada, South American Countries SOME SPECIAL ZIPPER:- 1. REFLECTIVE ZIPPER 2. INVISIBLE zipper : In this type teeth are not show frontout . 3. 2 way slider zipper : 1. 0 Type : Two end is closed so when two slider come toward then it shape like "0 ". Page 28 of 60

  29. 2. x Type : Two end is open so when two slider come toward then it shape like x. 3. R Type : One End is closed other is open when two slider come towards then it shape like R. 2.3.8 Price break down SAMPLE price break down for basic t- shirt buyer:name order no: style/art no: ITEM: BASIC T- SHIRT ($)MAT. PRICE UNIT TOTAL PRICE/PC SL# MATERIAL DESCRIPTION CONSUMPTION/PC FABRIC(100% KNIT,180GSM COTTON JERSEY 1 .20KG 4.5/KG $0.90 2 NECK RIB .008KG 5.5/KG 0.44 3 COMPOSITION LABEL 1PCS .02/PCS 0.02 4 SEWING THREAD 5 HANG TAG 6 PRICE TAG 7 BAR CODE STICKER 8 POLY BAG 9 GUM TAPE 10 SCOTCH TAPE 11 P.P- BAND 12 METAL CLIP 13 CARTON 14 COST OF MAKING Page 29 of 60

  30. 15 TOTAL PRODUCTION COST 16 OVERHEAD COST 4% 17 PROFIT 10% TOTAL PRICE FOB CHITTAGONG. NOTE: GUM TAPE=1 ROLL=50 YDS SCOTCH TAPE=1 ROL=25 YDS METALCLIP=1 BOX=200PCS ALPIN=1 BOX=500PCS TISSUE PAPER=1 BUNDLE G.G=GREAT GROSS=1GG=1728PCS CONE=1 CONE=500METERS 2.4: Sample making According to buyer requirement the sample is developed in sample section. The sample should be accurate to get approval. Page 30 of 60

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  33. 2.5: Production report Daily Production report The production report is placed hourly in the production report board according to achieve production. This report is followed by the factory manager whether it is good or bad. One production report is given below: Page 33 of 60

  34. 2.6: Inspection 2.6.1 Fabric inspection Page 34 of 60

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  37. 2.6.2Knowledge about faults Barre : occurs in circular knit. Caused by mixing yarn on feed into machine. Fabric will appear to have horizontal streaks. Broken Color Pattern: Usually caused by colored yarn out of place on frame. Color Out: the result of color running low in reservoir on printing machine. Crease Mark: differs from crease streak in that streak will probably appear for an entire roll. Crease mark appears where creases are caused by fabric folds in the finishing process. On napped fabric, final pressing may not be able to restore fabric or original condition. Often discoloration is a problem. Drop Stitches: results from malfunctioning needle or jack. Will appear as holes or missing stitches. End Out: Occurs in Warp knit. Results from knitting machine continuing to run with missing end. Hole: caused by broken needle. Knots: caused by tying spools of yarn together. Missing Yarn: Occurs in warp knit. Reuslts from wrong fiber yarn (or wrong size yarn) placed on warp. Fabric could appear as thick end or different color if fibers have different affinity for dye. Needle Line: Caused by bent needle forming distorted stitches. Usually a vertical line. Pin Holes: Holes along selvage caused by pins holding fabric while it processes through tenter frame. Puckered Selvage: Usually caused by selvage being stretched in finishing Slub (Knit fabric): Usually caused by a thick or heavy place in yarn, or by ling getting onto yarn feeds. Soiled Filling or End: Dirty, oily looking spots on the warp or filling yarns, or on packaged-dyed yarn. Page 37 of 60

  38. 2.6.3 Care instructions Machine Wash Cycle Icons: What it means: Regular/Normal Cycle with regular agitation and spin speed may be used. Use Permanent Press/Wrinkle Resistant washer setting (which has a cool down or cold spray before the reduced spin). Use Gentle/Delicate washer setting (slow agitation and/or reduced wash time). Hand washes only. Do not wash. Do not wring by hand or use rollers on wringer washer. Hang dry, drip dry or dry flat. Water Temperature Icons: What it means: Maximum water temperature 200°F/95°C. Maximum water temperature 160°F/70°C. Maximum water temperature 140°F/60°C. Page 38 of 60

  39. Maximum water temperature 120°F/50°C. Maximum water temperature 105°F/40°C. Maximum water temperature 85°F/30°C. Tumble Dry Cycle Icons: What it means: Machine dry. Use Normal Cycle setting. Use Permanent Press/Wrinkle Resistant Cycle setting. Use Gentle/Delicate Cycle setting. Do not tumble dry. Heat Setting Icons: What it means: Page 39 of 60

  40. Set dryer at any heat. Set dryer at High heat. Set dryer at Medium heat. Set dryer at Low heat. No heat/air. Do not dry (used with do not wash). Special Instructions Icons: What it means: Line dry/hang to dry - hang damp from line or bar and allow to dry. Drip dry - hang wet on plastic hanger and allow to dry with hand shaping only. Dry flat - lay garment on flat surface. Dry in the shade. Page 40 of 60

  41. Bleach Symbols Icons: What it means: Use any bleach (when needed). Use only non-chlorine bleach (when needed). Do not bleach. Iron - Dry or Steam Icons: What it means: Iron - Ironing is needed. Iron using High temperature setting. Iron using Medium temperature setting. Iron using Low temperature setting. Do not iron or press with heat. Page 41 of 60

  42. No steam - iron without using steam. Dryclean - Normal Cycle Icons: What it means: Dryclean. Dryclean using any solvent. Dryclean using any solvent except trichloroethylene. Dryclean using Petroleum solvent only. Do not dryclean. Special Dryclean Instructions Icons: What it means: Low heat. Short cycle. Reduce moisture. No steam finishing. Page 42 of 60

  43. 2.6.4 PURPOSE OF QUALITY CONTROL.        It will affect the sale ability of the product. It will affect the service ability of the product It improves the manufacturing quality It will help to certify the performance of the company. It will help to maintain total commitment to organized design. It will help to reduce wastage of goods It will help to get better order from buyer. 2.7: Banking & shipment documents 2.7.1 Types of L.C L.C. (Letter of Credit) The whole system of merchandising is depending on L. C. It is the main stem of this trade. Types of L.C. Various types of L.C. are present in business system. Some recognized processes are 1) MASTER /MOTHER L.C 2) BACK TO BACK L.C 3) SIGHT L.C 4) DEFFERED L.C 5) revocable l / c 6) irrevocable l / c (Note: in Bangladesh sight l. c OR irrevocable l / c is mainly used)  In this trade initially cash money is not used. L. c is the main process for buying & selling. When a business deal is made for buying & selling between buyer & merchandiser then the buyer gives permission to his bank to open an L.C. of approx amount & send it to merchandiser’s bank. Then this bank informed to merchandiser that an L.C. is accepted. This l .c is called MASTER L.C. Page 43 of 60

  44.  THEN MERCHANDISER takes decision about the manufacturer for collecting raw materials .when merchandiser choose supplier then he tell the supplier to send a pro-forma invoice. After getting p .I. merchandiser tell to his bank to open an l .c send to the supplier’s bank. This l. c is opened from mother l .c which is given to merchandiser. This l .c is called back to back or b to b l.c.  When supplier sends the products to merchandiser, then he send a acceptance copy to his bank & a copy to the supplier. Then the supplier can able to get cash from his bank. At the same way merchandiser send the product to the buyer or after shipment he also able to get cash from bank. Shipment of goods is done by B.L (bill of leading).this system is called SIGHT L.C.SIGHT L.C. consists of MASTER & B TO B L.C. Page 44 of 60

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