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The Growth of Judaism. Review. -You have learned about the rise of Judaism, the Exodus, and the return of the Jews to the promised land. -You have also discovered that the Chaldeans forced the Jews out of the promised land and into Babylon.
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Review -You have learned about the rise of Judaism, the Exodus, and the return of the Jews to the promised land. -You have also discovered that the Chaldeans forced the Jews out of the promised land and into Babylon. -Even more, you have noticed how their religion provided them with a moral guide, and something to turn to for hope and strength when times became difficult.
BIG IDEA (s) • The Jews continued their religion during their exile in Babylon. • Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah. • Religion shaped the Jewish way of life. • Under Roman rule, the Jews were divided and rebellious. In response, the Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.
After This Section, You Will Be Able To: -Explain about the Jewish exile in Babylon, and how Jewish ideas were able to spread because of influences from other cultures/languages. -Explain different ways how religion helped shape the Jewish way of life. -Discuss the Jewish experience under Roman rule, and how the temple was destroyed.
Connection to Today Do you think this is the last time that the Jewish people will be forced from their homes? We have already seen it once in Canaan, and then again in Egypt. Now, the Chaldeans have forced them from Judah. What other instances in history do you know about where something similar to the diaspora has occurred?
Life in Exile What feelings and/or connections do you see in these pictures?
Partner Check • Imagine that you had to pick up your belongings, and move with your family and friends to another country. They speak a different language, they believe in a different god or gods, and they act very differently than you do. You do not have a choice, you have to move. You have to leave everything behind. Your school, your favorite shops and malls, and even many of your friends who do not come with you. Oh yea, and you have to do all of this by next week. • How would you feel? What would you do? Try to put yourself in the shoes of a people that had to do this.
I. Exile and Return • a. Jews in Babylon referred to as time of exile • b. Jews kept faith by meeting on the Sabbath at synagogues What was the Sabbath used for? Things you cannot do on the Sabbath:
Why did Jews return to Judah? 1. Persians conquered Chaldeans and Babylon 2. Persian king allowed Jews to return to Judah 3. Jews allowed to rebuild, but paid tribute to Persian king 4. Relied on priests and scribes to run society
B. What is the Hebrew Bible 1. Series of 34 books put together 2. History, advice (proverbs), literature, poetry
Daniel and the Lion’s Den Predict: What do you think this story is about?
Tower of Babel This story provides a biblical explanation for why there are so many different languages in the world today.
Noah’s Ark This story teaches a moral, or lesson. What do you think that lesson is?
II.The Jews and the Greeks a. The armies of Alexander the Great defeat the Persians 1. Judah falls under Greek control 2. Alexander allowed Jews to stay in Judah 3. Introduced Greek language and culture to Jews • What Was the diaspora? 1. Scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah 2. Learned Greek, but remained loyal to Judaism a. Copied Hebrew Bible into Greek * Cause and Effect: Jewish ideas spread throughout the Mediterranean world.
A Miracle Happened There • B. Who were the Maccabees? 1. Greek named Antiochus tried to make Jews polytheistic 2. Jews rebelled led by a man named Judas Maccabeus 3. Fought Greeks, and regained control Judah a. regained control of temple and destroyed polytheistic idols 1. Hence, the holiday of Hanukkah, burning oil, dreidels…etc).
III. Jewish Way of Life a. Religion provided laws for the Jews to follow b. Laws emphasized self-control and a link to the past c. Dictated what they could wear, eat, and even do A. Jewish Clothing 1. Wore certain clothing to symbolize their religion B. Family Life 1. Family important (sons valued more) 2. Education important C. Jewish Diets 1. Must eat Kosher food (no pork, eel, etc) What kinds of things provide guidance to you and your family? Do you share any of the same values/beliefs as the Israelites?
IV. Jews and the Romans a. Romans would conquer Judah in 63 B.C. b. Romans rename Judah Judaea c. Initially, allowed Jews to rule themselves • Rule of King Herod 1. Jews divided under Roman rule a.Phariseesgroup of Jewish leaders who taught Torah and oral tradition b. Sadducees-law focused, not oral tradition c. Essenes-Lived in desert and prayed to be free of the Romans
How do we know about Judaism under Roman rule? Dead Sea Scrolls
B. Jewish Revolts 1. Jews hatred for Rome peaked a. Some waited for a messiah (deliverer sent by God) b. Others were Zealots (wanted to fight Romans) 2. Zealots revolt in A.D. 66 a. Romans retaliated by killing thousands b. Romans destroyed Jewish temple in Jerusalem 3. Simon Bar Kocha led Jews in another revolt a. Romans now forbade Jews to live in Jerusalem b. Began to call area of Judah Palestine
C. Jewish Teachers 1. Jews would begin to call their priests Rabbis a. primary role was to teach and interpret the Torah b. Yohanan ben Zaccai 1. Convinced Romans to allow him to teach Judaism c. Passed on teachings through books called commentaries 2. Talmud most important commentary a. deals with daily life (what to do)
Summary You have learned about the very first Israelites, the rise of Judaism under powerful leaders, and the spread of Judaism throughout the world via language and the diaspora. You have also studied the influence of religion on culture and society, as you have seen how Judaism provided moral guidance and a set of laws for people to follow.
