Lecture 6

1. The Helping Interview • Chapter 4 Lecture 6

2. History Of Human Services – Why people like this field • Faces of Social Work: Gail on changing lives • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PuWlOq6vmo&list=PL76D8E4AF19190CA7&index=14

3. Theories lead to practices or techniques, i.e. hypnosis in psychodynamic or mediation in humanistic or book reading in cognitive. When a bunch of people decide to practice the same techniques you have a program. Databases are made to keep track of program inputs, outputs and outcomes Video: Faces of Social Work: Gail on changing lives http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PuWlOq6vmo&list=PL76D8E4AF19190CA7&index=14 These skills are influenced by Theories: -Psychodynamic -Cognitive/ Behavioral -Humanistic -Postmodern - The foundation of Human Service Work is Interpersonal Skills Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan p.53 http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

4. The concept of case management includes: a. Developing client goals b. Managing contact hours c. Keeping client records d. Monitoring client progress http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

5. The Art of case management includes: Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

6. The Concept and art are based on a series of skills  Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan p.53 http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

7. Handout: Microskills Hierarchy

8. All three are important in creating the helping environment? (p. 96-97) a. The office environment b. Nonverbal Behavior c. Personal Characteristics of the helper But First --Never underestimate the Power of Ambiance…

9. conducive to an effective helping environment Good Or Bad? • a. A desk placed between you and your client in order to maintain "anonymity" • b. A closed body posture • c. Giving advice http://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=553578

10. Creating the Helping Environment Office Environment Should Be Welcoming Do Exercise 1 Back of Chapter Personal Characteristics of Helper Eight Characteristics Noted in Chapter 1 No Destructive Characteristics

11. Importance of Nonverbal Behaviors Some Important Nonverbals Posture Tone of Voice Personal Space Eye Contact Touch (know limits) May Not Be Universal Across Cultures

12. Handout – Nonverbal Attending Patterns Which of these can you see in the following pictures?

13. Posture Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan p.56

14. Compare these 2 people Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan

15. How about now? Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan

16. And now? Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan

17. But What do you suppose they are saying?... 2 Handouts: 1.The Basic Listening Sequence 2. Which of these is being applied in this exchange?

18. Which of the following is an open question? (p. 106) a. Do you feel sad or angry about your parents' divorce? b. I hear you saying that you have a lot of feelings about your parents' divorce. c. How do you feel about your parents' divorce? d. How sad do you feel about your parents' divorce?

19. Which of the following is a closed question? (p. 106) (www) a. Do you feel sad or angry about your parents' divorce? b. I hear you saying that you have a lot of feelings about your parents' divorce. c. How do you feel about your parents' divorce? d. How sad do you feel about your parents' divorce?

20. Counseling Techniques Listening Skills Helps to Build Trust and Shows Understanding Encourages the Client to Reflect on What He or She Has Said Ensures That You Are on Track and Facilitates Gathering Information Hindrances to Listening Do Activity 4.1, p. 100

21. What To Do To Listen Effectively Calm Yourself down Stop Talking and Don't Interrupt Show Interest Don't Jump to Conclusions or Ask Questions Actively Listen Concentrate on Feelings Concentrate on Content Maintain Appropriate Eye Contact Have an Open Body Posture Be Sensitive Personal Space It's Not About The Nail: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4EDhdAHrOg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s32QGjxmr-A

22. Handout: The 5 Stage Structure of the Interview Getting into the frame of mind to do this…

23. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Offer Professional Disclosure Statement • Limits of Confidentiality • Length of the Interview • Purpose of the Interview • Credentials • Limits of Relationship • Theoretical Orientation • Legal Concerns • Fees for Services • Agency Rules • Have Client Give Informed Consent • Use Empathy and Listening Skills to Build Trust

24. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Focus on Problems Client Wishes to Work On • Validate Initial Identification of Problem • Use of Questions May Be Helpful Discussing It's Not About the Nail - The importance of empathy and attention. (giving psychological air): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFRrCYMMLGE

25. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Other Skills Can Now Be Used • Confrontation • Probing Questions • Advanced Empathy • Push Envelope—Move Into Inner World of client • But, Maintain Sensitivity and Be Supportive • Develop Informal Verbal Agreement or Written Contract Focused on Goals • A client of yours tells you that he looked all week for a job but was not successful. You say, "You really worked hard this week on finding a job. I want to validate your efforts, even though you did not find one"! This is an example of Affirmation giving.

26. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • A client of yours tells you that he is worried that he will not be able to find a job. You say, "I know you can do it—you have all the qualities you need to do this.” This is an example of Encouragement Advice giving has great potential for harm – avoid it

27. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Taking responsibility and making efforts toward change occurs in this stage • In this stage is it common to see the use of empathy, modeling, self-disclosure, questions, confrontation, and affirmations and encouragement If you are to confront a client, it is crucial that you have built a solid trusting relationship with the client

28. Handout- influencing skills

29. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Now Working On Goals Determined in Stage 3 • Facilitate Progress • Use Variety of Skills • Client Begins To Take Responsibility • Client Works on Accomplishing Goals • Advice Giving: Suggests Helper May Hold the Solution (Least Helpful Response) • Offering Alternatives: Suggests May Be a Number of Ways to Tackle Problem • Information Giving: Offers the Client Valuable “Objective” Info

30. Stages of the Helping Relationship 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • As Goals Are Reached, Clients and Helpers Think About Ending • Work Through Feelings About Ending • Termination Should be A Gradual Process • Use a Variety of Skills

31. 1. Rapport and Trust Building 2. Problem Identification 3. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting 4. Confront-ation 5. Work 6. Closure • Successful Termination is Likely If: • clients discuss termination early • goals are clear so clients know when counseling is near completion • the helper respects the client’s desire to terminate yet feels free to discuss feelings that termination may be too soon • the relationship remains professional (e.g., not a friendship) • clients know they can return • Summarizing client accomplishments: clients are able to review the success they had in counseling • clients can discuss feelings of loss around termination

32. Counseling Session part 1 – which of the above skills do you notice (or not notice?) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNu1p3j4UYc&NR=1

33. Video: Thinking about the helping Interview Notice this is slightly different from the textbook because it moves confrontation up higher in the pyramid

34. Helping Skills are influenced by Theory Handout of Major Theoretical Forces

35. Left off

36. Why Have a Theory for Human Services? • Offers Us a Comprehensive System of Doing Counseling and assists in the application of techniques • Helps Us Understand Clients, Offers Techniques, and Predicts Change • One Caution: A theory by nature is open to being proven wrong! • Hence many ongoing attempts to create better theories. • Gives a framework to test out the theoretical assumptions • Allows one to organize his or her view of human nature • Gives the practitioner a method of organizing the manner in which he or she practices

37. Watch the video & name a few Theories or lenses that they mention Chapter 2 p32-34 1st 5 minutes of Landmarks in Psychology (up to mention of hypnosis) P35 Mentions Freud Amadeus clip 30 seconds: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBWCSc8CspA&feature=related We’ve come a long way….

38. Major Theoretical Orientations Four Orientations Have Dominated Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive • We will look at this one first • assumes that our personalities are determined by early life • More Deterministic than Other Approaches • Believes That Drives Motivate Behavior and are Somewhat Unconscious

39. Handout: Influencing Skills The repertoire for confrontation and working forward

40. Types of HS Theories • Antideterministic View Has Belief in the Ability of the Individual to Change • Deterministic View Asserts That There is Little Ability for the Person to Change • Early Childhood, Biology, Genetics Determine Later Psychological Makeup • Often Adheres to Medical Model • Directive View Believes Clients Need Guidance in the Change Process • Nondirective View Has Trust in the Client's Own Ability to Make Change • Few Are Strictly Deterministic, Antideterministic, Directive, or Nondirective or Indiv or Systems • Most People Today Take On an Integrative Approach • In contrast to individualistic approaches, the "Systems" approach to counseling assumes that individuals' lives are affected by family dynamics and the impact of social conditions.

41. Self-Disclosure May Facilitate Client Disclosure Can Model Positive Behaviors Rule of Thumb: If It Feels Good to Disclose, Don’t Do It--You’re Probably Satisfying Your Own Needs, Not Helping the Client Example: A client with whom you are working is going through a divorce. You tell the client, "I remember what a painful experience I went through with my divorce."

42. Modeling An Effective Ways to Encourage New Behaviors Two Types of Modeling: Subtly A subtle process whereby the learning of new behaviors by the client are a by-product of the helping relationship Intentionally An intentional process whereby the professional simulates new behaviors for the client

43. Which of the following describes modeling in the counseling relationship? (p. 104) a. The manner in which the client models from his or her family b. The person whom the client has most “modeled” after in his or her life c. An intentional process whereby the professional simulates new behaviors for the client d. A subtle process whereby the learning of new behaviors by the client are a by-product of the helping relationship e. a and b f. c and d g. All of the above

44. In reference to termination, which should probably not occur? (p. 113) a. Termination should be discussed early b. Goals should have been clear so clients know when termination is near c. Clients have a clear understanding that their “work is done” and they will not be welcomed back to counseling in the future d. Clients can review the successes they have had e. Clients can discuss their feelings around leaving

45. Be sure to know the following for the exam from the reading… Important to know

46. The "Tarasoff Case" made it clear that: (p. 118) a. confidentiality should never be broken. b. records are never confidential. c. if a client is in danger of harming self or others, one needs to do all that is necessary to make sure no one is harmed. d. confidentiality is assured as long as you have "privileged communication."

47. Which is not true about the security of case notes? (p. 119) a. If written records are kept in file cabinets, the file cabinets need to be locked b. If records are kept on computers, computers should be password-protected c. Clerical staff can never view written records d. Clerical staff should understand the importance of confidentiality and may be asked to sign statements acknowledging the fact that they understand the importance of confidentiality.

48. Not on test but covered above in confront slide 29. In which stage of the helping relationship is it common to see the use of empathy, modeling, self-disclosure, questions, confrontation, and affirmations and encouragement? (p. 112) a. Rapport and Trust Building b. Problem Identification c. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting d. Confrontation e. Work f. Closure 30. Taking responsibility and making efforts toward change occurs in which stage of the helping relationship? (p. 112) a. Rapport and Trust Building b. Problem Identification c. Deepening Understanding and Goal Setting d. Confrontation e. Work f. Closure