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JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT

JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT. JOHN ADAMS AND INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS OF HIS PRESIDENCY. John Adams Presidency. Adams’ Presidency. Not as famous or well respected in America Most problems: foreign affairs XYZ Affair War in Europe splits Federalist Party Alien & Sedition Acts

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JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT

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  1. JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS AND INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS OF HIS PRESIDENCY

  2. John Adams Presidency

  3. Adams’ Presidency • Not as famous or well respected in America • Most problems: foreign affairs • XYZ Affair • War in Europe splits Federalist Party • Alien & Sedition Acts • Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

  4. XYZ Affair • After signing Jay’s Treaty-France became very angry • November 19, 1794 • United States and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty • Sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries • Unpopular with the American public • Accomplish peace between the two nations. • France-started to take American ships and sailors • Adams sent an ambassador to Paris, but the French refused to see him

  5. XYZ Affair • The next year, Adams sent three representatives to Paris to work out an agreement • The French foreign minister, Talleyrand, told the Americans that they could have an agreement, but only after paying him $250,000 to Talleyrand and giving a loan of $10 million to France

  6. XYZ Affair • Many Americans wanted war • “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” • Adams began to build war ships (12 frigates), including the USS Constitution (“Old Ironsides”) • French were impressed with American navy and stopped taking American ships

  7. High Federalists wanted war with France Led by Hamilton Felt that a war would benefit the nation & hurt Republicans who supported France Adams refused to go to war He felt that the nation was not strong enough Hamilton called Adams “unfit for a President” Adams threatened to resign, making Jefferson, a Republican, President Issue Split the Federalists

  8. Convention of 1800 • Adams sent ambassadors who found a new ruler-Napoleon (who wanted to conquer Europe). • Napoleon did not want to fight the U. S. • Signed the Convention of 1800 in which France stopped seizing American ships.

  9. Three Laws Anger Republicans Alien Act-Allowed the President to expel any alien (foreigner/non-citizen) for any reason. Naturalization Act-Before 1798, a white-male immigrant could become a citizen after 5 year. Under this law, the time was expanded to 14 years Sedition Act-Any citizen could be fined and/or expelled if he criticized Congress and/or the President.

  10. Jefferson and Republicans React NULLIFICATION: Let States decide if a law is constitutional!!! We cannot turn to the courts, they’re controlled by Federalist Can the states can do something? These laws are unconstitutional!

  11. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • Jefferson believed that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional • Said that states had the right to declare laws unconstitutional • “…each state has an equal right to judge for itself….” • Both states (Kt. & Va.) passed resolutions that these laws were “null and void” in each state

  12. Constitutional Issue not Resolved • Alien & Sedition Acts repealed as Republicans take over Congress and eventually the Presidency

  13. Election of 1800 • Ended in a tie: between two Republicans • Each elector could cast two votes • Electors who wanted Jefferson as President and Aaron Burr as Vice-President, cast their votes for each. • But, both ended up with 73 votes • Election must be decided in the House of Representatives

  14. Jefferson Wins • After 35 ballots, Alexander Hamilton (a Federalists) convinced other federalists that Jefferson could be trusted but Burr could not, Jefferson was elected the third president • Burr became Vice-President • Burr, very angry with Hamilton, will challenge him to a duel in 1804. • Burr killed Hamilton, ending Burr chance for becoming President.

  15. Got Milk!

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