Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

1. Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

2. Agenda • Bell Ringer: What is an invention today that is similar to the impact of the Printing Press? • Lecture: Luther, Calvin, and the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Reformation. • Document Analysis: 95 Theses • Compare and Contrast Luther and Calvin • Council of Trent Primary Source • Grade Reports\ Objectives: Students will compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism. Students will analyze Luther’s 95 Theses and the effects on the Catholic Church. Students will examine the Counter-Reformation and the effects on aspects within the Catholic Faith.

3. Overview • Martin Luther believed he had the one true vision of the church and attempted to correct all other Christians. • In the end he further subdivided the church.

4. The Sale of Indulgences • In the Catholic faith, indulgences reduce penalties due for sins. • Tetzel, a Dominican Friar claimed that indulgences would automatically remove guilt and the penalty. • Luther claims that indulgences are wrong. Painting by Carracci

5. 95 Theses • He forbid the sale of indulgences. • Luther felt indulgences created a middle person that interfered with God. • Indulgences cannot get you out of purgatory, only God can. • The focus needed to be on God, not the Pope or Priests.

6. Pope Leo X • He was not in a hurry to deal with Luther. • “Just a monk” • He ordered a reply to the theses, but Luther increased his attack on the Papacy. • 1520, Luther is excommunicated.

7. Diet of Worms • 1521, Luther is granted a hearing to recant his theses. • He refused, claiming that Scripture was the only source for him. • Then he begins the Lutheran Church.

8. Calvinism • Men and women are sinful by nature. • Predestination • He already has a plan • Very strict… • No card games, no dancing, no bright clothing, no sleeping in church, no art, no theater…

9. Catholic Reformation • The Catholic Church waited too long to respond to the Protestant Reformation. • Much of Northern England was lost to the Protestants. • They sought to attain two goals. • Reform the Church • Establish countermeasures against Protestantism. There was a rigorous campaign to improve the morals of the clergy.

10. Council of Trent (1545-1563) • Sought to keep a balance favorable to Rome. • Reform and reinvigorate the church. • Restated beliefs and corrected abuses. • Simony = sale of Church positions. (outlawed) • Chastity was restored. • There was no compromise with Luther or Calvin.

11. Ignatius of Loyola • Spanish nobleman who founded a new society based on service to the pope. • He became a soldier of the lord. Founded the Jesuits. • They took the monastic views of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope.