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Basic Fire Control Training

Basic Fire Control Training. Ignition Techniques (adapted from FL DOF. Objectives. Characterize basic fire types Link fire types to ignition patterns Identify safety concerns Describe when to use what Methods of pile/windrow burning

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Basic Fire Control Training

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  1. Basic Fire Control Training Ignition Techniques (adapted from FL DOF

  2. Objectives • Characterize basic fire types • Link fire types to ignition patterns • Identify safety concerns • Describe when to use what • Methods of pile/windrow burning • Develop an ignition plan (you will do this later in your Burn Plan)

  3. Two situations requiring knowledge of ignition techniques • Prescribed Fire: “Fire applied in a knowledgeable manner to forest fuels on a specific land area under selected weather conditions to accomplish predetermined, well-defined management objectives” • Suppression burning is the use of prescribed fire in a wildland fire situation

  4. 2 types of suppression burning • Counter Fire • Burn-out

  5. Counter Fire • Fire applied to stop the forward spread of uncontrolled fire • GENERALLY NOT USED IN I.A. • NEED AT LEAST 2 CREW MEMBERS • ONLY IN CERTAIN FUEL TYPES ( not blowy leaf!) • ONLY BY EXPERIENCED firefighters • HIGH RISK • TIME CRITICAL

  6. Burn-out: when? • Often times on wildfires, control lines are established some distance from fire edge • Pockets • Inaccessible areas • Pre-existing control lines • Areas of lesser fuel concentrations

  7. What are the FACTORS TO DETERMINE FIRING TECHNIQUES? • OBJECTIVES • WIND SPEED & DIRECTION • SMOKE SENSITIVE AREAS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY? • CREW EXPERIENCE/KNOWLEDGE

  8. Basic Fire Types- Related to Wind • Characterize basic fire types • Backing • Head • Flanking • Link fire types to ignition patterns • Identify safety concerns • Describe when to use what • Methods of pile/windrow burning • Develop an ignition plan (you will do this later in your Burn Plan)

  9. 1. Backing Fire • Used to establish baseline • Generally safest • Longer residence times • Slowest R.O.S.’s (1-3 ch/hr) • ROS determined by Fuel Moisture • Excellent for heavy fuel loads • Used to burn around values • Generally not the primary technique • Why not???

  10. 1. Backing Fire

  11. 1. Backing Fire BURNS INTO THE WIND

  12. 1. Backing Fire

  13. WIND 1. Backing Fire • When backfire is the primary technique, consider: • Windspeeds & fuel moistures • Establishing additional baselines • Orienting burn blocks

  14. 2. Strip-Head Fire STAY BEHIND DOWNWIND IGNITOR!

  15. 2. Strip-Head Fire • Most frequently used technique • Fastest method • Can manipulate intensity with strip width and time interval • Consider: • Width of strips • Changing weather conditions • Changing fuel conditions • Using spots where necessary • Spotting potential • Convection activity • “Closing the door” too soon

  16. 2. Strip-Head Fire

  17. Flank Fire REMAIN IN SIGHT MAINTAIN PACE

  18. 3. Flank Fire • Can be an excellent tool, burn large areas with less effort • Uniform fire intensities • Minimal spotting • Good in diverse fuel types • Consider: • Winds (Dir. & Speed.)- must be steady! • Number & experience of igniters- must be experienced! • Communications & visibility (in unit) • Conducive burn block orientation • Using spot ignitions within the flanks • Varying the flank ignition speed to control intensity

  19. WIND 3. Flank Fire FIRE BURNS 90° TO WIND FLANKFIRE WALK INTO WIND

  20. 3. Flank Fire

  21. 4. Point Source (Spot) Fire

  22. 4. Point Source (Spot) Fire • Excellent for large areas (aerial ignition) • Best technique for controlling intensities in various weather conditions • Can be used in conjunction with strip head & flank technique • Effective in heavy fuels • Burn manager can control where convection occurs • Quickest way to complete ignition

  23. Point Source (Spot) Fire • When spot firing, burn managers should consider: • Width between spots • Width between strips • How to change fire intensity • Changes in weather & fuels • Location of spots • Spotting potential • Difficulty in maintaining grid • Grid orientation to wind • Fast burn, high convection

  24. Point Source (Spot) Fire, initiation

  25. Point Source (Spot) Fire- growth

  26. 5. Ring Fire

  27. 5. Ring Fire • Traditionally used for site-prep • Minimizes short range spotting • Quick & easy • Early “point-of-no-return” • Traps wildlife • High convection • When using ring ignition, consider: • Access • Objectives (overstory, smoke plume, speed) • Begin with center point ignition

  28. 5. Ring Fire

  29. How it’s really done: • USE A VARIETY OF TECHNIQUES OVER A RANGE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS FOR MOSAIC BURN PATTERNS

  30. SECUREING A BASE LINE…

  31. LINE WIDTH?

  32. >2X FLAME LENGTH

  33. DO NOT “CLOSE THE DOOR”! CAN CAUSE FIRE WHIRLS (VORTICES)

  34. USE CAUTION WALKING DOWNWIND!

  35. USE CAUTION IN HEAVY FUELS

  36. USE CAUTION ON SLOPES

  37. USE CAUTION WHEN FIRES CONVERGE

  38. ALWAYS WATCH WHAT YOUR FIRE IS DOING

  39. FIRE GENERATED WINDS

  40. KNOW LOCATIONS OF PERSONNEL & EQUIPMENT

  41. SAFETY should always be on your mind L.C.E.S. LOOKOUTS COMMUNICATIONS ESCAPE ROUTES SAFETY ZONES

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