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Negotiation of Meanings: Towards Discourse Competence. hagustien@yahoo.com. Communicative Competence. Communicative competence is discourse competence Discourse is communication Communication is an act of creating text (conversation, monologue, essay)
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Negotiation of Meanings:Towards Discourse Competence hagustien@yahoo.com
Communicative Competence • Communicative competence is discourse competence • Discourse is communication • Communication is an act of creating text (conversation, monologue, essay) • To create a text one has to negotiate meanings
Text • is a semantic unit • is meaningful • makes sense • occurs in context of situation • Occurs in context of culture
Negotiation • Negotiating means responding. • The responding act can be done interpersonally and logico-semantically. • These lie at the heart of communicative competence • These are the focus of language education.
Negotiating Interpersonally Tamaraisbeautiful. Subject Finite MOODRESIDUE A: Tamara is beautiful. B: No, she is not. C: Is she? D: Well, she may be beautiful. E: She could be. People say so. F: She must be.
Negotiating Interpersonally A: Somebodybrokemyruler B: Ididn’tdo it. A: Whodid? B: Somebodydid. A : May be Sam
Negotiating Logico-semantically What is your name? My name isSekar.
Old and New Information Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Goldilocks. She was beautiful and very brave. Near herhouse, there was a jungle. In the jungle, there lived the Bear family: Papa bear, Mama Bear and Baby Bear.
Spoken Transactional conv. Interpersonal conv. Short functional texts Monologues Written Short functional texts Essays of different genres Communicating
Genre • Communicative purpose • Text structure • Linguistic Features
Developing Competence? • Developing negotiating skills • Raising awareness of genres (purpose) • Making students speak and write with sense of audience (make audience understand what they mean)