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NAME THESE COUNTRIES, BODIES OF WATER, AND LANDFORM.

NAME THESE COUNTRIES, BODIES OF WATER, AND LANDFORM. . 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 2. 5. 7. 1. 6. 4. 3. Human Geography: South Asia. Pollution and the Ganges River. The Ganges River is considered holy to Hindus (the majority religion in the region)

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NAME THESE COUNTRIES, BODIES OF WATER, AND LANDFORM.

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  1. NAME THESE COUNTRIES, BODIES OF WATER, AND LANDFORM. 8 8 8 8 8 2 5 7 1 6 4 3

  2. Human Geography: South Asia

  3. Pollution and the Ganges River • The Ganges River is considered holy to Hindus (the majority religion in the region) • They use the Ganges for bathing, burial, drinking, religious ceremonies, etc. • With India’s growing population (sewage, trash, chemicals, etc.), the Ganges is becoming SUPER polluted

  4. Hinduism and the Caste System • Hinduism is the major polytheistic religion in this region • The Caste System is the social structure developed and still practiced by some Hindus (mostly in rural India) • How does this contribute to discrimination? UNTOUCHABLES

  5. Modern Life vs. Traditional Life • India’s economy is modernizing but many Indians still live traditional lives • Blend of old and new • Arranged marriages: rural • Choose your partner: urban • Education opportunities in the cities: more modern • Modern life conflicts with religious priorities

  6. Islam and Ramadan • Islam is prominent in Pakistan and Bangladesh • Ramadan is a month long period of fasting. • Pakistan imposes much stricter Islamic law than Bangladesh

  7. SiddarthaGuatama and Mandala • A philosophy of living life that is similar to Hinduism • Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as “Buddha” (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit). • Meditate by drawing geometric shapes called “mandala” (video clip)

  8. Indus Valley and Mughal Empire • Indus Valley—Area surround the Indus River (modern day Pakistan) • World’s first civilizations developed in this regionaround 2500 BCE!!!! • Around 400 CE, invaders from the Middle East start moving in (religion? lighter skin Aryans) • By 1500, the Mughal Empire is established in India (Muslim Empire) • Why will this cause conflict with the native Indians?

  9. The TajMahal • The TajMahalis a white Marble mausoleum located in Agra, India. • It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. • The TajMahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."

  10. Raj and Colonization • European’s came to the area looking for spices • By 1858, the British gained control (colonized) of the area and established direct rule (period called the raj)

  11. MOHANDAS GANDHI and Nonviolent Resistance Demands for independence around early 20th century were led by Gandhi in India. • Movement based on non-violent resistance…??? Independence gained in 1947 What American civil rights activist got many of his ideas from Gandhi?

  12. Partition and Creation of Pakistan • Ruled by Britain as a colony • Left after WWII and split India into two countries partitions • India and Pakistan • India became a Hindu state • Pakistan a Muslim state

  13. Sinhalese and Sri Lanka • Around 500 BC, people in India crossed a narrow STRAIT to the island of Sri Lanka. • They got the name “Sinhalese • They created an advanced civilization on the island! • Adopted the Buddhist religion of the islands natives

  14. Indian Democracy/United States/ Great Britain • After India gained its independence, it adopted a CONSTITUTION and become a democracy. • Like the US—India is made up of “states” governed by a central government • Like GB—India is a “parliamentary” democracy

  15. World’s Largest Democracy and Religion • With the 2nd largest population in the WORLD, India is the LARGEST DEMOCRACY!!! • India’s many religious groups plays a huge role in politics! You have to try to please everybody • Hindus (majority), Muslims, Sikhs, Tamils, etc. • Led to assassinations

  16. Constitutional Monarchy and Nepal • Monarchy—KING (or Queen) • Constitution—Document that limits the power of the leader • Constitutional Monarchy—Ruler’s powers are LIMITED by a constitution. • In Nepal, the King shares power with his parliament.

  17. Sultan/Islam and the Maldives • The Maldives were settled by Buddhists and Hindus from Sri Lanka • Later, Arab traders made their way down • Most Arabs follow what religion??? • Their arrival results in SIX DYNASTIES of Muslim rulers…called SULTANS • In 1968, the Maldives elected their first President!

  18. Political Tension and Water Rights to the Ganges • Dams and irrigation divert water to other places • Less water for Bangladesh: less farmland • Signed a treaty over water rights for each country in 1997

  19. Land Reform and Green Revolution • Land reform – redistribute land more fairly • 5% of people own over 25% of land • The Green Revolution– new farming techniques and better varieties of grain to make land more productive

  20. Outsourcing and Globalization • American companies are setting up business over seas. • This forces international business • Globalization: the development of an increasingly integrated global economy • Countries cooperating with each other

  21. Overpopulation and Basic Necessities • Indian families have more children because it means security in old age • This increases population and makes it difficult for the gov’t to provide its citizens with basic necessities

  22. Has 1 billion people, and is growing!!!

  23. Illiteracy/Education/Poverty • Rapid population growth leads to poverty • Lack of education: • not enough infrastructure to support population • Parents send their children to work • Dependence on farming: 2/3s = farmers • Illiteracy: inability to read and write • Children don’t learn to read and write • Leads back to poverty

  24. Literacy = the # of people who can read & write.

  25. * Caste System and Discrimination • A system of social classes – ****can only move between castes through reincarnation. • Four basic castes • The Brahmans (priests and scholars) • The Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors) • The Vaisyas (farmers and merchants) • The Sudras (artisans and laborers) • * The untouchables (dirty jobs)

  26. Untouchables • Excluded from society all together • Outcasts • Also known as “dalits” • Face violence and discrimination • http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0306/feature1/

  27. If you lived in India, you would pass these milestones: • You would receive some schooling, as Indian law provides free education from age 6 – 14. In some areas, though, you could be working even before the age of 10. • In school, you would study history, geography, science, math, and moral education. • You might be married at age 16 if you were a female living in a rural area and at age 17 if you were a female in an urban area • You could enter the military at age 17 if you were a male • You could vote at age 18

  28. Buddhism vs. Hinduism

  29. Hinduism • A complex POLYTHEISTIC religion • Make up 80% of Indian population

  30. Cows are sacred to Hindus

  31. GANESH Lord Shiva, the Hindu God of death and destruction was away at a war. His wife Pavarti, who was a goddess in her own right, wished to bathe. Having no-one to guard the door to her apartments she conceived of the idea of giving birth to a son who could provide this service for her. Thus Ganesh was created, since goddesses have the power to do such things. Pavarti gave Ganesh instructions that he was to stand guard at the entrance of her apartments and that he was to admit no-one until she gave word that it was OK to do so. Ganesh took up his post and undertook his assignment enthusiastically. In due course the Lord Shiva returned from his war and went to enter. Ganesh, according to his instructions, forbade him entry. Shiva was enraged by Ganesh’s impudence and drew his sword and cut off Ganesh's head. Pavarti emerged to find Ganesh decapitated and flew into a rage. Even though he was immensely powerful Shiva was upset with Pavarti’s rage. He swore to make amends by taking the head of the first living thing he found to replace Ganesh’s head. The first animal he came across was an elephant. Accordingly he took the head from the elephant an placed it on Ganesh’s body. Thus Ganesh is depicted with an elephant’s head. Because of his role as protector of Parvarti's door  he is associated, in Hindu culture, with protecting entrances.

  32. * Karma • Moral consequences of your actions

  33. * Reincarnation • The rebirth of souls after death, and the moral actions of a person determine how a person is reincarnated. When the cycle of reincarnation is over, a person becomes one with god – Nirvana or “Moksha”

  34. The Brahmans • Highest “class” or caste • Teachers, Priests, Doctors

  35. Kshatriyas • Kings and Nobility • Warriors • Second most prestigious

  36. Vaishyas • Merchants and Farmers

  37. Sudras • Artists • Workers • Service Providers

  38. Buddhism was founded in Northern India by Siddhartha Gautama in the sixth century BCE. • However, Buddhists believe that there were countless Buddhas -- humans who have achieved enlightenment -- before him and that there will be many more after him. • When Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment, he assumed the title Lord Buddha (one who has awakened)

  39. Quotation by Siddhãrtha Gautama (Buddha): “Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it. Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumored by many. Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in your religious books. Do not believe in traditions simply because they have been handed down for many generations. But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it."

  40. Use mandalas (geometric designs) to symbolize the universe and aid in meditation • BUDDHISTS DO NOT FOLLOW THE CASTE SYSTEM!!

  41. * Nirvana • Enlightenment • When one meditates and achieves the highest level of spirituality

  42. The Fat Buddha ("Laughing Buddha") has been an image exclusive to Chinese Buddhism. It has come to represent good luck and wealth.

  43. Buddhism Hinduism Same

  44. Janus Model comparing Buddhism and Hinduism Research both Buddhism and Hinduism on the internet and find 5 pictures for each side that depicts rituals, symbols, beliefs, or explanations of both religious philosophies. Below are the requirements…this is a major project grade. • 5 pictures for each side, this is in addition to the picture in the center. • Mustdraw the pictures • Must be colored • Pictures must have sentences to explain what it represents (more than one word!!!) • Can be done on your own or with a partner.

  45. Janus Model comparing Buddhism and Hinduism Research both Buddhism and Hinduism on the internet and find 5 pictures for each side that depicts rituals, symbols, beliefs, or explanations of both religious philosophies. Below are the requirements…this is a major project grade. • 5 pictures for each side, this is in addition to the picture in the center. • Mustdraw the pictures • Must be colored • Pictures must have sentences to explain what it represents (more than one word!!!) • Can be done on your own or with a partner.

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