European Ideologies

1. European Ideologies Kaitlyn, Emma, Melanie, Nathalie

2. Conservatism • Conservatism: The ideology promoting the maintenance of the monarchy and traditional governing methods. • Conservatism was mainly promoted by authoritative figures such as members of the Clergy or monarchs themselves. K.D.

3. The Three Shields Government: Run by Monarchy The Vatican Religion: God is the binding force of all people and life K.D. Community: The hierarchy of social classes

4. Absolutism • Thomas Hobbes’ theory of a sovereign leader ruling by divine right. • The first successful implementation of Absolutism was Louis XIV. K.D. Palace of Versailles King Louis XIV

5. Constitutional Monarchy • Philosophers such as Locke and Voltaire introduced enlightened concepts that provided a basis for a Constitutional Monarchy. • Combined Liberalism, Conservatism, Democracy, Secularism and Nationalism as a new form of government. K.D. Congress of Vienna

6. Nationalism Bismarck • The idea of shared characteristics and pride in a nation’s accomplishments where people will identify with the state and see its success as their own. Cavour Disraeli M.G. Napoleon III

7. Rousseau (1712-1778) • Argued countries should not belong to all-powerful monarchs, but to the people themselves. • This gave French citizens a deeper sense of meaning and belonging. • Led to the creation of a national anthem, French flag and slogan: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité. M.G.

8. Congress of Vienna Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to re-establish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I -The beginning idea of the United Nations -Combined four forces to govern France: Conservatism Liberalism Democracy Nationalism - Congress of Vienna embraced Nationalism by restoring monarchies and encouraging pride in France’s accomplishments M.G.

9. Disraeli (1804-1881) Bismarck (1815-1898) M.G.

10. Cavour (1810-1861) Napoleon III (1808-1873) M.G.

11. Socialism • A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting ownership and control of the means of production, distribution, capital, and land in the community as a whole. • The right to vote • Constitutional Monarchy French Revolution N.R.

12. Communism COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • A theory or system of organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. • Tries to explain the rules of communism • The relationship between the classes will no longer be compatible therefore leading to a revolution N.R. Karl Marx

13. Utilitarianism JEREMY BENTHAM • The ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility and that conducted should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons. • Bentham as well as John Stewart Mill disagreed with women having less wages then men • The greatest good for the greatest number of people Jeremy Bentham N.R.

14. Secularism Enlightened Despotism E.W.

15. Frederick the Great • Ruled Prussia 1740 – 1762 • Accepted secularism therefore declaring that if you did not believe in God then it did not matter. • Believed in functionalism, belief that an object's design determined solely by its function will be inherently beautiful. • Regions tolerance: a society that is pluralistic is more stable and happy. Accepting more than one religion. • Enlightened Despot: Believed in the ideas of the Enlightenment, however executed them with the control he had as a monarch. E.W.

16. Catherine the Great • Ruler of Russia between 1762 – 1796 • Germanic Princess that became Queen of Russia after her husband Peter the Great was assonated. • She wanted to improve the life expectancy of the everyday Russian Citizen • Believed in the concept of free education • Introduced concept of Religious Tolerance in 1773 • In 1776, Catherine the Great secularized Church land throughout the country E.W.

17. Napoleon Bonaparte • Born August 15th 1769 • Died May 5th 1821 on the island of St. Helena • On November 9th 1799 the Coup D’etat • Napoleon took over with the argument that needs to do this in order to save France from itself. • In 1801 established the Concordat which instilled secularism in France • Napoleonic Code (1804) – Form of democracy that instil certain democratic view points like all are equal under the law and a jury will be implemented. E.W.

18. Concordat 1804 • Napoleon passed the Concordat stating the importance of the of the Roman Catholic Church – however it is not the official religion of France • Passing the Concordat clarified that Louis IV and Cardinal Richelieu was wrong • People should have the freedom to believe/follow the religion you want. • Gave acknowledgement towards the Roman Catholic Church, no more power than acknowledgement. E.W.

19. Liberty Leading the People • Painted by Eugene Delacroix • Represented the chaos of France in during July of 1830 • Secularism: demonstrated by the burning of Notre Dame in the background. • Charles X can be closely connected to this painting. E.W.

20. Questions • What was the main reason for political leaders’ reluctance to give up their conservative ways? K.D.

21. Questions • How do the beliefs, ideologies and philosophies that were developed and revised in the past help shape our society today? E.W.

22. Questions • How does nationalism eventually lead to imperialism? What are some examples of countries that have extended their power and influence through diplomacy or military force? M.G.

23. Questions • Where in our societies now can you see all three ideologies communism, utilitarianism, and socialism? Explain. N.R.