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THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIM E , WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSIT Y ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF STINGING CATFISH FRY ( Heteropneustes fos si lis , Bloch). THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. Distribute in South-Asia and South-east Asia. Good taste

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THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

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  1. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIME,WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSITYON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF STINGING CATFISH FRY (Heteropneustes fossilis, Bloch) THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

  2. CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION Distribute in South-Asia and South-east Asia. Good taste High price High nutritive Heteropneustes fossilis, (Bloch) Yadav, 1999

  3. Problem statement Major constraints of H. fossilis larvae rearing is the high rate of mortality. How to improve the survival? 1. Feeding regime 2. Weaning period 3. Stocking density

  4. Reported studies Feeding regime Live-feeds are essential for carnivorous fish at the first stage (Dabrowski and Culver, 1991). Weaning period Co-feeding live-feed and artificial diets provided higher growth and survival than feeding either live-feeds or micro-diets alone (Giri et al., 2002). Stocking density Over-stocking has consequently slow growth and low survival (Shepherd and Bromage, 1992) .

  5. Experimental design Nursing fry with different live-feeds Experiment 1 Select the best live-feed Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules Experiment2 Select the best weaning procedure Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities Experiment3 Determine the proper stocking density Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

  6. Experiment 1 To evaluate the effect of different live feeds on the growth and survival of H. fossilis fry at the first stage. Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different live feeds on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry. Experiment period: 21 days 4 treatments and 4 replications. Two days-old fry were reared with 3 different types of live feeds. 6

  7. Design of Experiment 1

  8. Small-sizeMoina : 0.36+ 0.04 mm Rotifer: 0.15+ 0.03 mm Artemia : 0.5+ 0.06 mm UngradedMoina : 0.84+ 0.15 mm 8

  9. Live-feeds Small-size Moina Rotifer Artemia Ungraded Moina 9

  10. Treatment3:Moina were graded by sieving through 400 micron seine net during the first week. 400 micron 69 micron 10

  11. Fish sample (2 day-old) 11

  12. Maintenance of experiment tanks 12

  13. Length and weight measurement 13

  14. Fish mouth measurement 14

  15. Results of experiment 1 15 Fry fed Moina showed the best growth

  16. Supporting literature This might have resulted from the higher nutritive value. Source of data: Watanabe (1994) 16

  17. Size of fish mouth and live-feeds 17 This might have resulted from the appropriate size.

  18. Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron) Appropriate size of live-feeds for larval feeding should be approximately 50% of fish mouth size (Shirota, 1970) 18

  19. Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron) Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size. 19

  20. Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron) Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size. 20

  21. Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron) 21

  22. Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron) 22

  23. Experimental design Nursing fry with different live-feeds Experiment 1 Moina Select the best live-feed Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules Experiment2 Select the best weaning procedure Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities Experiment3 Determine the proper stocking density Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

  24. Experiment 2 To investigate the effect of weaning periods in terms of different acclimation schedules weaning onto artificial diets. Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different weaning periods on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry. 6 treatments and 4 replications Experiment period: 30 days Weaning periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days were investigated.

  25. Design of experiment 2 - : continuous feeding of live feed or dry feed

  26. Artificial diets Two types of artificial feeds were used Thailuxe company composition of dry-feeds used in experiments

  27. Artificial diets 27

  28. Maintenance and measurement 28

  29. Results of experiment 2 29

  30. Discussion • H. fossilis fry could not be activated to artificial feed by directly feeding them with dry feed. • H. fossilis fry can be weaned from live-feed to artificial feed by introducing dry feed every 3 days intervals (15 days weaning intervals). • The selection of 3 days intervals would be economically advantageous as it assist to reduce live-feed requirement. 30

  31. Experimental design Nursing fry with different live-feeds Experiment 1 Moina Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules Experiment2 15 days weaning schedules (change every 3 day) Select the best weaning procedure Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities Experiment3 Determine the proper stocking density Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

  32. Experiment 3 To determine the optimum rearing density. Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different stocking densities on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry. Fry were fed with sinking pellet feed No.2 Set up with 5 treatments, 3 replications Experiment period: 60 days

  33. Design of experiment 3 Dry feed:Thailuxe company

  34. Experiment 3 34

  35. Length and weight measurement 35

  36. Results of experiment 3

  37. Discussion • Optimum stocking density of H. fossilis is 8 fry/L. • Over-stocking has negative impact on growth and survival rate due to the competition for space. This might be due to stress. • Low temperature might have caused low survival in all treatments. 37

  38. Comparison between water quality parameters during experiment periods and optimum level 38 Source of optimum level data: (Boyd,1990)

  39. Experimental design Nursing fry with different live-feeds Experiment 1 Moina Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules Experiment2 15 day weaning schedules Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities Experiment3 8 fry / L Determine the proper stocking density Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

  40. Conclusions • Hypothesis 1: Moina is the most suitable live-feed for H. fossilis larval rearing at the first 3 weeks. • Hypothesis 2: H. fossilis fry can be completely weaned from Moina to artificial-feeds within 15 days with 3 gradually acclimatization per each live-feed to artificial-feeds combination. • Hypothesis 3: 8 fry/L is optimum stocking density of post-weaned H. fossilis fry rearing until achieving the fingerling size (3 month-old). 40

  41. Recommendation • Comparison between H. fossilis fed small-size Moina and ungraded Moina at the first week should be done to evaluate the effect of different size, in term of growth and survival. • The development of suitable growth-out system for achieving the marketable size should be conducted. • During the experiment periods, affected should be paid for maintain optimum environment parameters, such as water temperature. 41

  42. Thank you 42

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