Names and Formulas of Compounds

1. Names and Formulas of Compounds

2. Naming Systems • IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Standard for any compound) • Classical “ous” (lower valence), “ic” (higher valence) (Used for variable valence ionic compounds) • Prefix mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca (Used for variable valence molecular compounds) IUPAC Prefixes and Suffixes for Oxyanions (polyatomic ions containing oxygen) Per____ate - one more oxygen _______ite - one less oxygen Hypo____ite - two less oxygen Ex. Chlorate ClO3¯ with two less oxygen becomes Hypochlorite ClO¯

3. Naming Compounds Acids Binary Compounds Gases • Fixed Valence • Formula • Cross over elements valences • Aluminium oxide Al2O3 • Naming • Write elements names, add “ide” to last element • BBr3 Boron bromide • Variable Valence • Classical- “ous” low valence, “ic” high valence • Naming • Add “ic” or “ous” to end of the name of metal that has variable valence (use Latin name if possible) • Back cross subscripts to get valences • Hg2S Mercurous sulfide • Formula • Still cross valences to get formula • Stannic Fluoride SnF4 • Prefix • Naming • Use subscript to determine prefix, prefix doesn’t represent element’s valence • N2O Dinitrogen monoxide • Formula • Prefix determines subscript • Carbon tetrafluoride CF4 • Diatomic Gases • The Following are diatomic gases (they contain two of the same atoms bonded together) • H, O, F, Br, I, N, Cl • Bromine gas Br2(g) • Monatomic Gases • All Noble Gases are monatomic (they exist as single atoms) • Radon gas Rn(g) • Binary acids • Naming (Classical) • Write name as regular binary compound, if aqueous acid( dissolved in water) write compound as hydro____ic acid • HCl Hydrochloric acid • Formula • Write Hydrogen symbol and symbol of other element • Cross over their valences • If it is dissolved in water write a subscript of (aq) • Hydrofluoric acid HF(aq) • IUPAC • Write aqueous in front of compound name • HI(aq) Aqueous hydrogen iodide • Oxy-Acids • Naming • Acids containing Hydrogen and a polyatomic ion • Same steps as a Binary acid, execpt oxy-acids don’t have “hydro” in front of them • HNO3(aq) nitric acid or aqueous hydrogen nitrate • Formula • Hydrogen first followed by polyatomic ion, cross over valences • Carbonic acid H2CO3(aq) Peroxides • Compounds containing one more oxygen • Naming • Write regular name of compound, add “per” to “oxide” (remember, backcrossing valences should prove incorrect if compound is a peroxide) • Li2O2 Lithium peroxide • Formula • Write regular formula, add 1 to oxygen subscript • Calcium peroxide Ca2O3

4. Naming Compounds Hydrates Polyatomic ions/Radicals • Ionic Compounds containing water • Naming • Write the ionic compound name, followed by a prefix then hydrate • CuSO4•5H2O Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate • Formula • Write the ionic compound formula then add •nH2O, n being the number of water molecules • Iron (II) chloride dihydrate FeCl2•2H2O • Polyatomic ions follow same IUPAC rules for naming and creating compound formulas • Include subscript numbers part of the polyatomic numbers • Put brackets around polyatomic ion if you need to add subscript because of crossing over • Sodium nitrate NaNO3 • Cu(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Compound names and formulas Polyatomic ions Peroxides Classical Naming system IUPAC Naming system Prefix naming system Ionic Compounds Hydrates Molecular Compounds Acids Gases

5. Mini Quiz 5. Classical name for HgClO3 6. Classical and IUPAC name for Fe2O3 7. Formula for Lithium Chloride tetrahydride 8. IUPAC name for H3PO4(aq) Phosphoric acid Hydrogen phosphate Aqueous hydrogen phosphate 1. Ammonium chloride IUPAC formula • NH4Cl • NH4Cl2 • NH4Cl3 2. Radon gas Formula • Rn2(g) b. Rn(g) • Rn3(g) 3. HI(aq) Classical name • Hydroiodic acid • Hydrogen iodide • Aqueous hydrogen iodide 4. IUPAC formula for Sodium Peroxide