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IPv6 – What You Need To Know

IPv6 – What You Need To Know. Tom Hollingsworth CCNP,CCVP,CCSP, MCSE. What is IP?. Internet Protocol version 4 – ARPANet IPv4 Address – 192.0.2.22/24 2^32 IPv4 addresses != 4 billion Classful networking – later developed into CIDR

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IPv6 – What You Need To Know

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  1. IPv6 – What You Need To Know Tom Hollingsworth CCNP,CCVP,CCSP, MCSE

  2. What is IP? Internet Protocol version 4 – ARPANet IPv4 Address – 192.0.2.22/24 2^32 IPv4 addresses != 4 billion Classful networking – later developed into CIDR Network Address Translation (NAT) used to extend life of IPv4

  3. IPv4 – Exit, Stage Right ICANN/IANA exhaustion occurred 2/3/2011 First RIR to reach depletion – APNIC (8/10/2011) Last projected RIR depletion date – 7/23/2012 Rate of consumption at exhaustion was approx. 4 million addresses per day

  4. How Did We Run Out? Every networked device needs an address Explosion of networked devices Desire for connection vs. Need for addressing Bad /8 management – 1.0.0.0/8, 127.0.0.0/8, and Class E

  5. Version 6? Where’s Version 5? • Version 5 = Stream protocol – incorporated into IPv6 • Version 6 – In development since 1993 • Classless Networking • 2^128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607, 431,768,211,456 (340 undecillion) addresses

  6. What Does It Look Like? IPv4 – 10.10.1.1 IPv6 – 2001:470:1f0f:80c:beef:cafe:abcd:54 Link Local – fe80::beef:cafe:abcd:54

  7. IPv6 – In Detail Hexadecimal (base 16) addressing – 0-9, a-f Removed unnecessary header fields Removed broadcast in favor of multicast ARP is gone in favor of ICMPv6 and ND ::1 is the only loopback Much more reliance on DNS for hosts

  8. Hands-Off Configuration • IPv6 uses Stateless Autoconfiguration • EUI-64 standard using MAC address • Address hiding available for security needs • Neighbor Solicitation to discover addresses • Router Advertisement announces network • DHCP available, but less needed (only for DNS resolution)

  9. IPv6 Configuration – Dual Stack or Tunnels? 6to4 tunnel – each IPv4 has its own /48 – doesn’t work with NAT or RFC 1918 Teredo - MS tunnel for use with NAT ISATAP – allows v4 addresses to convert to v6, but very complicated and relies on DNS Dual Stack – Running IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously (expensive)

  10. Host Readiness – Windows 7 Windows 7 – full IPv6 network stack Enabled by default Full IPv6 DNS record (AAAA) support

  11. Host Readiness – Windows XP IPv6 supported in SP2 – Must be enabled Does NOT support DNS lookups over IPv6

  12. Host Readiness – OS X Supported in Jaguar (10.2.x) but much better in Snow Leopard (10.6.x) Issues with IPv6 networks being “broken” and not failing to IPv4 as well as DNS server issues Make sure to be on 10.6.5 or later for best results

  13. Are My Servers IPv6-ready? Upgrade to Windows Server 2008 Snow Leopard 10.6.5 or later Verify Linux Kernel support For appliances, check vendor release notes

  14. Router Readiness Older equipment doesn’t have support for IPv6 Ensure your network equipment is updated

  15. IPv6 Firewalls IPv6 is a different protocol and requires different rules No NAT66 means rules must be more detailed Check your firewall vendor to find code level for IPv6 support Another good site: https://www.icsalabs.com/technology-program/ipv6/ipv6-capable-security-products

  16. What Happens if I Don’t Use IPv6? • Major sites are moving to IPv6 content • Facebook, Google, Netflix, Yahoo • When IPv4 is depleted, new websites will be IPv6-only • Both protocols needed to access 100% of the Internet going forward

  17. World IPv6 Day – June 8 Google, Yahoo, and many others are enabling IPv6 along with IPv4 for 24 hours as a test About 0.05% of Internet users are expected to have IPv6 related issues Test things out to see how IPv6 works for you

  18. How can I be ready for IPv6 today? Talk to your ISP and find out their plans Ensure your network equipment is up to date Document your network to make renumbering simple when D-Day comes Talk to peers and colleagues to refine best recommendations

  19. Spread the Word Don’t let stories like this be the face of IPv6: Web developers have tried to compensate for this problem by creating IPv6 -- a system that recognizes six-digit IP addresses rather than four-digit ones.Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/01/26/internet-run-ip-addresses-happens-anyones-guess/#ixzz1CFQVefc0

  20. More Information World IPv6 Day - http://isoc.org/wp/worldipv6day/ ARIN IPv6 Information - https://www.arin.net/knowledge/v4-v6.html Microsoft IPv6 Resources - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb530961

  21. More Information Apple IPv6 Info - http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/networking.html IPv6 Wikipedia Page - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6 enabled address page – http://ip6.me Renumbering a network without a flag day - http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4192

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