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Chapter 3-3,3-4, 3-5. The Growth of a Young Nation. The Growth of a Young Nation. Manifest Destiny- Occurred in the 1840’s when expansion fever swept the country
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Chapter 3-3,3-4, 3-5 The Growth of a Young Nation
The Growth of a Young Nation Manifest Destiny- Occurred in the 1840’s when expansion fever swept the country The belief that the United States was ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into the Mexican and Native American Territory. Land a great attraction for settlers. Merchants and manufacturers sought new markers. Many moved after the Panic of 1837,when banks closed and many lost their money when banks closed their doors
The Growth of a Young Nation Trails West Santa Fe Trail- one of the trails west that stretched from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Oregon Trail- stretched from Independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon
The Growth of a Young Nation The Mormon Migration- Mormons founded by Joseph Smith in New York in 1827; the group moved several times to escape persecution; Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah Brigham Young took over leadership of Mormons after an anti-Mormon mob tarred and feathered Joseph Smith.
The Growth of a Young Nation Texan Independence Texas at this time a Mexican territory and Mexico wanted to make the land secure so they urged American’s to live in Texas with the promise of cheap land. A prominent leader of these colonists was Stephen F. Austin. Cultural issues arose between Mexico and the Americans as the colonists wanted slaves and Mexico had already abolished slavery.
The Growth of a Young Nation In 1833 Stephen F. Austin traveled to Mexico to ask their President, Santa Anna for the right for the Americans to govern themselves. Santa Anna imprisoned Stephen F. Austin, suspended local powers in Texas; several rebellions broke out which led to the Texas Revolution. When Austin returned in 1835 he saw war as the only recourse or option.
The Growth of a Young Nation “Remember the Alamo” Lieutenant Colonel William Travis moved his men into the Alamo, a mission and for in San Antonio Travis believed that control of the Alamo was key to Mexico’s advancement North. From February 23, 1836 to March 6, 1836 Santa Anna attacked the Alamo. All of its defenders were killed. March 2, 1836; the Texans declare their independence from Mexico
The Growth of a Young Nation Later in March Santa Anna killed 300 Texans at Goliad which infuriated the Texans. Six weeks after the Texans defeat at the Alamo, Sam Houston, leader of the rebels led the Texans in a victory against the Mexicans at San Jacinto. “Remember the Alamo!” was their battle cry. Colonists captured Santa Anna and made him sign the Treaty of Velasco which granted the Texans independence.
The Growth of a Young Nation In 1844 Texas joined the United States; this annexation approved by President James K. Polk who was a slaveholder. Conflict between northern and southern states as Texas was a slave state. Mexico angered by the Texas annexation. Conflict with Mexico over Texas’ border.
The Growth of a Young Nation President James K. Polk tried to negotiate with Mexico for California and New Mexico to no avail. President Polk further angered Mexico by siding with Texas over the border dispute and sent soldiers to cement the boundary. A battle that President Polk won.
The Growth of a Young Nation In 1845, John C. Fremont led soldiers into Mexico’s California in response Mexican soldiers killed U.S. soldiers in Texas. In 1846, New Mexico fell to the U.S. led by Stephen Kearny; several upper-class New Mexicans wanted to join the United States and New Mexico fell to the U.S. without a fight. In June of 1846, American forces led by John C. Fremont seized California.
The Growth of a Young Nation February 2, 1848- U.S. and Mexico sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which established the Rio Grande as the boundary with Texas and ceded New Mexico and California to the U.S. U.S. paid 15 million to Mexico which included present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
The Growth of a Young Nation The Gadsden Purchase- established the current borders of the contiguous 48 states. California Gold Rush- Gold was discovered in California. The world took notice and people moved to California and droves.
The Growth of a Young Nation Market Revolution-when people bought and sold goods rather than make it for themselves. Buying and selling in the 1840’s rose more than it had in previous decades. The quickening pace coincided with the growth of free enterprise, which is the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with few government regulations.
The Growth of a Young Nation In their pursuit of profit, businessmen called entrepreneurs invested their money in new industries. These businessmen stood to lose it all if they failed but if they succeeded they stood to gain substantial rewards. In 1837, Samuel B. Morse patented the telegraph which sent messages in code over a wire in a matter of seconds. This aided businesses tremendously.
The Jeffersonian Era The Market Revolution lowered prices, produced better goods, improved transportation and communication. The North became more industrialized. The South agricultural.
The Growth of a Young Nation Lowell Textile Mills- A mill in Lowell, Massachusetts; owners wanted women workers as they could pay them lower wages than men. Lowell was a hard place to work and the owners had little sympathy for their workers. Strikes at Lowell- workers organized a strike, or work stoppage to protest work conditions but the strikes were all to no avail.
The Growth of a Young Nation Immigrants came to the U.S. in droves from Europe between 1830 and 1860. Many Irish immigrants fled to the U.S. after the Great Potato Famine led to mass starvation. The Irish immigrants faced discrimination as they were Roman Catholic, and because of their willingness to work as cheap labor.
The Growth of a Young Nation Amidst growing labor unrest trade unions joined together to form the National Trades’ Union. Their efforts were first hampered by courts stating their strikes were illegal. In 1842, the workers received a break as the Massachusetts Supreme Court supported the workers right to strike in the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt.
The Growth of a Young Nation A spiritual awakening swept the nation after 1790; this movement emphasized individual responsibility for salvation, and that people could improve themselves and society. These religious ideas closely linked to ideas of Jacksonian democracy that stressed the importance and power of the common person.
The Growth of a Young Nation The Second Great Awakening- Widespread Christian that lasted from the 1790’s to the 1830’s. Primary Forum was the revival meeting which would last for days. Unitarians- growing religious group that stressed the faith in the individual. Unitarian Minister Ralph Waldo Emerson developed a policy of transcendentalism, which emphasized that truth could be discovered by observing nature and relating it to your religious experience.
The Growth of a Young Nation African-American slaves heard the same sermons and heard the same songs as their masters and interpreted the stories, especially the exodus from Egypt, as a promise of freedom. In the 1820’s abolition, a movement to end slavery had taken hold. William Lloyd Garrison- radical white abolitionist established the Liberator, an anti-slavery paper which demanded immediate emancipation.
The Growth of a Young Nation Frederick Douglass- escaped from bondage who became an outspoken critic of slavery. Douglass was sponsored by Garrison who believed that slavery should be abolished by any means necessary. Douglass wanted slavery abolished without violence. Douglass began his own paper, the North Star.
The Growth of a Young Nation Frederick Douglass
The Growth of a Young Nation The number of slaves owned varied throughout the south. Most worked as house servants, farm hands, or in the fields. Some states allowed slaves to be manumitted, or enabled them to purchase their freedom. Some slaves rebelled against their condition, one of those slaves was Nat Turner, a Virginia slave that led a revolt that killed 60 whites. Turner and many of his followers were later executed.
The Growth of a Young Nation The Turner rebellion frightened slave-owners. Some wanted emancipation, others wanted to tighten their restrictions on slaves. They even used the Bible to grant validity to their beliefs. Women at this time also mobilized for reform by participating in the abolitionist movement, and they got involved in the temperance movement, which was a movement to prohibit the drinking of alcohol.
The Growth of a Young Nation Work for abolition and temperance accompanied gains in education for women. In the 1800’s more opportunities for women arose. Prudence Crandall- opened a school for girls, and African-American girls. Crandall was forced to close this school due to opposition. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott- abolitionists who fought for women’s rights.
The Growth of a Young Nation Seneca Falls Convention of 1848- attended by more than 300 women. These women wrote a resolution stating that women should have the right to vote. African-American Women found it difficult to gain recognition of their problems. Sojourner Truth- former slave who spoke at a women’s convention in 1851 that Black women were not weak and that they were feminine.
