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Measuring the Universe Distances in astronomy are very big.

Measuring the Universe Distances in astronomy are very big. kilometers. On Earth: use __________________ (km): Earth to Moon: ≈ __________________km Sun to Earth: ≈ __________________km Sun to Pluto: ≈ __________________km. 384,000. 150,000,000. 6,000,000,000.

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Measuring the Universe Distances in astronomy are very big.

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  1. Measuring the Universe • Distances in astronomy are very big. kilometers • On Earth: use __________________ (km): • Earth to Moon: ≈ __________________km • Sun to Earth: ≈ __________________km • Sun to Pluto: ≈ __________________km 384,000 150,000,000 6,000,000,000 • In the solar system, use the ___________________ (AU) • Earth to Sun: ___ AU • Sun to Pluto: _____ AU • Sun to nearest Star: _________AU astronomical unit 1 40 25,000

  2. light year 3. To the stars and beyond, use the ___________________. Light travels at a speed of ______________meters per second The distance that light travels in a year is called a light year. 1 light year = _____________________ miles. 300 million 6 trillion Sun nearest star Andromeda: a “close” galaxy 8 light minutes 4 light years 2 million light years Earth M  1.3 light seconds away Moon

  3. B. A telescope is a tool that uses either: 1/ __________________ 2/ __________________ to collect and focus light from places that are far, far away. lenses mirrors time light Telescopes are _________ machines, because the _________ that comes to you through them left their star or galaxy a long time ago. They allow you to look into the __________. The bigger the telescope, the __________ light it can gather, and the ______________________ it can see. past more further back in time

  4. Galileo's Hubble Very Large Array

  5. II. What is in the Universe? A. Planets A body that orbits the Sun and is large enough for its own gravity to make it spherical 1. planet - _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ not enough mass enough mass -sphere of rock and metal -held together by gravity -revolves (orbits) around Sun Earth - ______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

  6. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/space-sci/solar-system/solar-system-sci.htmlhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/space-sci/solar-system/solar-system-sci.html http://science.discovery.com/videos/space-school-solar-system.html http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1111454/formation_of_the_solar_system_great_animation/

  7. Earth from Voyager

  8. any object that orbits a planet 4. Satellites – _____________________________________ moons – __________________________ natural satellites X X

  9. a Mars-sized object crashed into Earth billions of years ago. The material reformed into the Moon. 5. Earth's Moon formed when___________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Size of Moon compared to Earth: Diameters: Moon = _____ km ≈ Earth km scale: Earth Gravity on the Moon is only _______ of Earth's, because the Moon is _________________ and has less___________ .

  10. animation

  11. a Mars-sized object crashed into Earth billions of years ago. The material reformed into the Moon. 5. Earth's Moon formed when___________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Size of Moon compared to Earth: Diameters: Moon = _____ km ≈ Earth km 1 4 3476 12,756 scale: M Earth Gravity on the Moon is only _______ of Earth's, because the Moon is _________________ and has less___________ . 1/6 mass smaller

  12. The Early solar system: http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1111454/formation_of_the_solar_system_great_animation/

  13. 2.Main components (parts) of the Solar System: 1/ gravity to hold planets 2/ energy for Earth's weather A. The Sun provides: _____________________________ __________________________ The Sun compared to Jupiter and Earth Sun Earth Jupiter The Moon's orbit

  14. Terrestrial planets close together ___________________ B. The planets: Jovian planets spread out ___________________

  15. Terrestrial (Earth like) ________ planets ___________ Jovian (Jupiter like) ________ planets ______________

  16. 1. Terrestrial planets: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ • - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars • closest to Sun • metal sank to core because it is denser than rock • - are denser and have solid surfaces

  17. 2. Jovian planets (the gas giants): ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ • -Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune • larger and further from Sun • mostly liquid and gas (hydrogen and helium) • are less dense and have no solid surface • all have rings and many moons

  18. stony/metallic object smaller than planet 3. Asteroid – __________________________________________ largest – Ceres  the size of ________ - a ____________ planet - enough mass  gravity made it a __________ most - much smaller  _____________ shaped Texas dwarf sphere irregularly Mars Asteroid belt- region between the orbit of ________ and ______________ where most asteroids are - divides ______________ and ________ planets Jupiter S mars orbit asteroid belt Jupiter orbit

  19. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/space-sci/solar-system/solar-system-sci.htmlhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/space-sci/solar-system/solar-system-sci.html http://science.discovery.com/videos/space-school-solar-system.html http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1111454/formation_of_the_solar_system_great_animation/

  20. Pluto Eris 4. Dwarf planets - __________ and __________. - mostly _______ and _______  found in the Kuiper belt – _______________________ ______________________________________________________ rock ices a region beyond Neptune that is a source for short-period comets Neptune's orbit Sun Kuiper belt

  21. dirty 5. comets – a _________snowball - made of rock and ice diameter: ___________________ As a comet nears the Sun, the ices turn to _______. This creates a huge ___________ that always points _____________________ the Sun. The closer the comet gets to the Sun, the ______________the tail becomes. 1-100 km gas tail away from longer Sun _________ tail when _________

  22. dirty 5. comets – a _________snowball - made of rock and ice diameter: ___________________ As a comet nears the Sun, the ices turn to _______. This creates a huge ___________ that always points _____________________ the Sun. The closer the comet gets to the Sun, the ______________the tail becomes. 1-100 km gas tail away from longer tail longest Sun _________ tail when _________ closest

  23. 6. Assorted space junk: • meteoroids- _______ to _______-sized solids that • orbit the Sun • b. meteors – meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere • and ___________________ • - often creates a _________________________ • c. meteorite – a meteor that ________________________ sand dime burn up streak across the sky lands on Earth's surface

  24. Tunguska, Siberia: comet exploded above the surface Meteor Crater, Arizona The "face" in Canada

  25. The meteor that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago struck on the edge of the Yucatan Pennisula. gravity map of area:

  26. Why is it easier to find meteorites in Antarctica?

  27. Largest meteorite ever found –Namibia Desert

  28. A car hit by a meteorite in Peekskill, NY Through the roof of a Chicago apartment

  29. times during year when meteors are seen more often • Meteor showers- ________________________ • ________________________ • –Explanation: • _________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________ -comet leaves trail of dust and rocks in its orbit -Earth crosses the orbit of the comet -comet pieces enter atmosphere and burn up Earth's orbit comet's orbit x S x comet where showers occur x = ___________________ E

  30. billions stars • Galaxy - a collection of _______________________, • ______ and __________ held together • by ____________ gas dust gravity • Types: • 1. Elliptical – shaped like a _________________ • or a ________________ • 2. Spiral – shaped like a _____________ with "arms" • - sometimes has a _____ across the center • Irregular – ____________________ due to • ____________ with other galaxies football basketball flat disk bar distorted shape collisions

  31. Ex: The Whirlpool Galaxy: The bright areas are where the most stars are located. Ex: a barred spiral: NGC 1300

  32. Ex: M87 – An elliptical galaxy

  33. Ex: Irregular galaxies NGC 4490 - irregular

  34. The Milky Way – our galaxy • a ____________________ • our solar system is about _______ out along an arm • contains over ___________________ • has a gigantic __________________ at center spiral galaxy 2/3 200 billion stars black hole spiral arms top view: side view: 100,000 _________ light years disk x bulge x our solar system x = ___________________

  35. View of the Milky Way from Earth's surface. You are looking into the disk of the galaxy. Red lights of a star party.

  36. The Great Galaxy in Andromeda: Similar to the Milky Way.

  37. D.The Universe • -contains over _________________ galaxies • with _______________________ between galaxies • expanding ever since the ____________________ 100 billion e m p t y s p a c e Big Bang

  38. One grain of rice held at arm's length…. The Hubble "Ultra Deep Field" The light from some of these galaxies took billions of years to reach us.

  39. Ex: (not to scale) The diagram below shows how one object fits within another. Put the correct symbol next to each word. _____ = galaxy _____ = planet _____ = universe _____ = solar system smaller ---------------------------------- bigger __________ __________ ___________ ___________ galaxy solar system planet universe

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