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Classical Strategists III Jomini

Classical Strategists III Jomini. 8801, Lesson 5. Lesson 5: Jomini. Educational Objectives Describe Jomini’s theories and approach Understand his legacy Explain Jomini’s view on politics and war Compare & contrast Clausewitz and Jomini. Who was Jomini?. Swiss Staff officer

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Classical Strategists III Jomini

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  1. Classical Strategists IIIJomini 8801, Lesson 5

  2. Lesson 5: Jomini • Educational Objectives • Describe Jomini’s theories and approach • Understand his legacy • Explain Jomini’s view on politics and war • Compare & contrast Clausewitz and Jomini

  3. Who was Jomini? • Swiss • Staff officer • French and Russian armies • A contemporary of Clausewitz

  4. Jomini sought to • Explain the nature of war • Control upheavals • Educate officers • Provide solutions to military problems • Reduce war to a set of principles

  5. Jomini and War • War as a scientific study • Concepts • Premise

  6. Jomini and the Study of War • Goal • Approach • General Principles X AB Y

  7. Precis de l’Art de la Guerre (1838) • Nine reasons for war • Nine forms of war • Six parts of war • Four basic principles of war • Major exception

  8. Precis de l’Art de la Guerre • Wars of opinion • The decisive point • Technology

  9. The Fundamental Questions of Military Theorists • Influence of historical setting? • Use of historical analysis? • What are his ideas? • Build on or react to previous theorists? • Affect on later theorists and practitioners of war?

  10. Historical Setting • Post Napoleonic Europe • Jomini’s purpose • Why had Napoleon been so successful? • Jomini: A recurrent phenomenon

  11. Us of Historical Analysis • Jomini’s Method • History • The role of Theory

  12. What are his ideas about • The fundamentals of strategy • Strategy: • The science of directing greater part of forces to the most important point… • Timeless principles • Tactics: • The physical application of forces at the decisive point • Changed as material means evolved

  13. The fundamentals of strategy • Timeless principles • Object • Choices

  14. Ideas about • Civil-military relations • Political and military relationship

  15. Ideas about • Importance of material and moral factors • An effective army • Necessary elements • Generalship

  16. Generalship • The “great man “ theory • Essential qualities • Sources • Political generals

  17. Ideas about • Ability of an individual to influence events

  18. Ideas about • Relationship between • Offense • Strategically stronger than the defense • Tactically equal to the defensive • Preferred the strategic turning movement • and defense

  19. Ideas about • Chance in war

  20. How do his ideas build on or react against the ideas of previous theorists? • Henry Lloyd • Georg Fredrich Tempelhof • Clausewitz

  21. To what degree did his ideas affect later theorists and practitioners of war? • Dennis Hart Mahan • Naval Warfare • Alfred Thayer Mahan • Air Warfare • Julio Douhet • Nuclear Warfare • Bernard Brodie • U.S. Principles of War

  22. Admirers European conservatives Critics Modern theorists Jomini and his Era

  23. Jomini • Acceptance • Contribution • Decline

  24. Issues for Consideration • Jomini’s Principles • Political control • Views on Strategy • Clausewitz and Jomini • Jomini’s influence

  25. Jomini’s Principles • Four basic principles of war • Nations go to war for nine reasons • War can assume nine forms • War consists of six parts • Applicability today?

  26. Political control • Subordination of military • Similarity to • Sun Tzu? • Clausewitz?

  27. Views on Strategy • Isolate strategy from its context • His interpretation of Napoleon’s success

  28. Clausewitz and Jomini • Theories of war • Relationship to policy • Psychological aspects • Aims of strategic action • Role of technology • The decisive battle

  29. Army won until 1813 War was easy View was optimistic and rational War was subject to unchanging rules Heroic Army lost until 1813 War was hard View was skeptical, brooding in approach, but rational War was balky, irrational, threatening to escape control Tragic. Clausewitz and Jomini

  30. Clausewitz and Jomini • Both • Outsiders • Used the past to create a theory for the future • Different purposes • Different beliefs

  31. Jomini’s Influence • On the world’s armies • On later theorists • On the U.S. Armed Forces • Civil War • Sea power and Mahan • Military doctrine • 9 Principles of War (Moose Muss)

  32. Issues for Consideration • Jomini’s Principles • Political control • Views on Strategy • Clausewitz and Jomini • Jomini’s influence

  33. Objective and Offensive Initiative Unity of command Unity of effort Mass: focus Economic of force Economy of effort Maneuver Orchestration Simplicity Clarity Surprise Security Principles of war for the 21st Century

  34. Points to remember • Lesson 5: Classical Theorists III • Overarching theme • Civil-Military Relationship • Agreement with Clausewitz

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