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Radicalisation in the digital era

Radicalisation in the digital era. Ines von Behr Counter Terror Expo 29 April 2014, London. Radicalisation in the digital era The use of the internet in 15 cases of terrorism and extremism. www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR453. Key questions Why did we conduct the study ?

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Radicalisation in the digital era

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  1. Radicalisation in the digital era • Ines von Behr • Counter Terror Expo • 29 April 2014, London

  2. Radicalisation in the digital era The use of the internet in 15 cases of terrorism and extremism www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR453

  3. Key questions Why did we conduct the study? How did we conduct the study? What are our findings? What are the key recommendations?

  4. Why did we conduct the study? • The role of the internet today: foe or friend? • Radicalisation through the internet: what do we actually know? • Experiences and mechanisms

  5. How did we conduct our study? Identification of cases together with the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the UK Counter Terrorism Units (CTU) Interviews with several extremists and convicted terrorists Analysis of data from computer registries of TACT Offenders Interviews with senior police officers who have led Internet-related terrorism investigations Image shared by Pixeltree via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  6. Next steps Literature review and development of hypotheses on the role of the Internet in the process of radicalisation We tested these using primary data from 15 cases Image shared by Lendingmemo via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  7. The internet enhances opportunities to become radicalised Availability to many people 24/7 Internet as key source of information The internet enables connection with like-minded people across the world rather than accelerating it.

  8. Graphic representation of data of one of the computer registries we analysed

  9. The Internet acts as an echo chamber The internet as a place where individuals find their ideas supported and echoed by like-minded individuals Our interviewees explained that the material viewed online was either instructional and/or reinforced their existing world views Image shared by hoyminvaymin via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  10. Breakdown of online activity & websites accessed most often by one case Software for filesharing Chemicals and explosives Extremist material YouTube videos of Extreme Right Wing (XRW) material Chats / correspondence on XRW forums

  11. The internet is not the sole driver of radicalisation While the internet facilitates the radicalisation of individuals, it is only one part of the whole process If the internet can have a radicalising effect, then it is but one of several plausible sources of radicalisation, including schools, faith-based organisations, prisons, work-place environments and even families and friends. Physical contact plays a significant role Image shared by kayveeinc via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  12. Our key recommendations The internet is one of several plausible sources of radicalisation Be aware of over-simplification Demand side and supply side of radicalisation should be ideally balanced More focus on the interplay between off- and online world would be beneficial Image shared by cpstorm via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  13. Implications for politicians and practitioners Differing approaches and regulatory environment Bridging ethical concerns Empirical evidence and mix of quantitative and qualitative approach Innovative methods to counter radicalisation Evaluation of past and present activities Assessment of existing projects Image shared by grahamblackall via Flickr; CC BY 2.0.

  14. IMPACT - one example Innovative Method and Procedure to Assess Counter-violent-radicalisation Techniques in Europe www.impacteurope.eu This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 312235

  15. ivonbehr@rand.org www.randeurope.org

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