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Diachronic Change in Loanword Constraint Rankings

Diachronic Change in Loanword Constraint Rankings. An analysis of multiple outputs for the same input in English Loanwords in Korean. Loanword Phonology. Too-Many-Solutions P-Map Hierarchy Output-Output (OO) v . Input-Output (IO) Diachronic Changes. Too-many-solutions.

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Diachronic Change in Loanword Constraint Rankings

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  1. Diachronic Change in Loanword Constraint Rankings An analysis of multiple outputs for the same input in English Loanwords in Korean

  2. Loanword Phonology Too-Many-Solutions P-Map Hierarchy Output-Output (OO) v. Input-Output (IO) Diachronic Changes (Kang 2008, 2011)

  3. Too-many-solutions • When encountering English [b, d, g], Korean phonology can conform these sounds in two different ways: • Tense /p*, t*, k*/ • Lax /p, t, k/ (Kang 2011)

  4. P-Map Hierarchy Given a phonological constraint C and a phonetic map M, C is said to be grounded with respect to M if the phonetic effectiveness of C is greater than that of all neighbors of C of equal or lesser complexity. (Hayes 1999)

  5. OO v. IO • When is comes to English stops in Korean, keeping as similar to the “ideal” English output is preferred. • Assign one * for every segment in the Korean output that does not match/mimic the English output. (Kang et al. 2008)

  6. Diachronic Change 1930s Present Day Korean (PDK) F0 more salient Thus,laxis more similar to English output OO and P-Map Hierarchy come into play • VOT more salient • Tense stops more similar to English stop output • OO and P-Map Hierarchy come into play (Kang 2008)

  7. Sample Data Bonus [bonəs] [p*on∧s*ɨ] Belt [belt] [pelthɨ] Dollar [dalŗ] [t*alla] Disk [dIsk] [tisɨkhɨ] Gas [gas] [k*as*ɨ] Guide [gaid] [kaitɨ] (Kang 2008)

  8. Analysis If you look at the vowels following, there is overlap, so we know the environments are all the same They are allophones of the same phoneme, but they are only predictable by when they were introduced to the Korean language, not due to position or environment. Two different outputs to the same input

  9. Proposal Because the older English loanwords have not assimilated to the new output schema, they are working on a separate constraint ranking. One passed down through generations.

  10. Phonetic Tense Lax VOT Longer F0 Low • VOT • Shorter • F0 • High

  11. Phonology Tense Lax - Tense - Spread LOW + Tense - Spread HIGH (Kim et al. 2003)

  12. Minimal? If we consider that lax and tense stops differ in 2 features, they are not exactly minimal pairs. Thus, I propose 2 different constraints to accommodate this:

  13. Constraints • TENSE • Assign one * for every [+voice, +cons, -cont] segment in the input that is not [+tense] in the ourput • LOW • Assign one * for every [LOW, +cons, -cont] segment in the input that is not [LOW] in the output • When making these constraints, the features of aspirated need to be considered so that it doesn’t get pulled into the mix accidentally. Lax is [- tense, +spread, HIGH]

  14. Old Tableau

  15. New Tableau

  16. Conclusions • It does seem that there are two constraint rankings for these two different sets of loanwords. Though, there is still much more to de analyzed: • Such as, connection to frequency in corpus (old words) and how that affects the acquirement of the old ranking system.

  17. References Kang, Yoonjung. “Tensification of voiced stops in English loanwords in Korean.” Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics XII (2008): 179-192.Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://www.yoonjungkang.com/uploads/1/1/6/2/11625099/harvard2008.pdf>. Kim, Mi-Ryoung, and San Duanmu. ""Tense" and "Lax" Stops in Korean." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13 (Jan., 2004): 59-104. Print. Lee, Juhee. The Phonology of Loanwords and Lexical Stratification in Korean: with Special Reference to English Loanwords in Korean (Dissertation, University of Essex, 2003). Microfilm.

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