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Town and Township Water Management Study

华北水质研究项目汇报 A Presentation for North China Water Quality Study Program. 小城镇水管理研究 Town and Township Water Management Study. 毕 军 教授 南京大学环境学院 Prof. Jun Bi School of Environment Nanjing University June 21 st , 2005. Town and Township Water Management Study. Page 1. 汇报提纲 Contents .

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Town and Township Water Management Study

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  1. 华北水质研究项目汇报 A Presentation for North China Water Quality Study Program 小城镇水管理研究 Town and Township Water Management Study 毕 军 教授 南京大学环境学院 Prof. Jun Bi School of Environment Nanjing University June 21st, 2005 Town and Township Water Management Study Page 1

  2. 汇报提纲Contents • 研究背景Background • 研究目标Objective • 研究方法Research Methodology • 社会经济状况Socio-economic Situation • 环境状况Environmental Situation • 供水Water Supply • 污水处理Wastewater Treatment • 建议Recommendations Town and Township Water Management Study

  3. 研究背景Background • 经济发展Economic development • 城市化Urbanization • 城镇化过程Town and township development • 环境退化Environmental degradation • 基础设施匮乏Lack of infrastructure • 生活质量的提高Improvement of quality of life • 缺乏适宜的机制Lack of suitable mechanism Town and Township Water Management Study Nanjing University Page 3

  4. 研究目标Research Objectives • 总结所选择建制镇和集镇的水质管理、供水和污水处理现状。Summarize the status of water quality management, water supply and wastewater treatment in a selected ETs & TCs. • 为建设部、国家环保总局、水利部等制定小城市及城镇水质管理政策提供支持。 Provide inputs to MOC, SEPA and MWR in their endeavors to shape new WQM policies for small cities, ETs and TCs. • 为世界银行制订有效的有关中国城镇水质管理贷款计划提供支持。Function as guidance to the Bank in determining cost effective interventions needed to support WQM in small cities and towns in China. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 4

  5. 研究方法Research Methods • 实例研究Case study approach • 比较分析Comparative analysis • 数据收集：以前的数据库（电子及非电子版本）、乡镇企业调查、统计数据、网络和当地文件。Data collection from previous database in both electronic and paper formats, former TVIE survey, official statistical data, internet, and local documents. • 预调研：完善问卷和访谈提纲。 Pilot study was conducted to refine the questionnaires and interview outlines。 Town and Township Water Management Study Page 5

  6. 研究方法Research Methods • 野外调查及问卷。包括50份问卷，每份问卷包含100~150个问题。 Field survey and questionnaires. 50 questionnaires, each questionnaire includes 100~150 questions. • 面谈，包括企业经理，乡镇、县、城市、省等层次的官员，环保局领导和公众。200人左右。Interview with enterprises managers, local government officials at township, county, municipal and provincial levels, EPB directors, and the public. About 200 people. • 电话咨询。Phone interviews. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 6

  7. 研究地区-河南Henan 调研包含了世界银行P081348 项目——河南城镇供水和污水处理项目的11个县。它们是：(1) 原阳， (2) 尉氏，(3) 兰考，(4) 新安， (5) 宜阳，(6) 嵩县， (7) 博爱， (8) 武陟， (9) 襄城， (10) 遂平 和 (11) 汝南。World Bank project P081348 - Henan Towns Water Supply & Sanitation project. Including: (i) Yuanyang; (ii) Weishi, (iii) Lankao, (iv) Xin’an, (v) Yiyang, (vi) Shong, (vii) Bo’ai, (viii) Wuzhi, (ix) Xiangcheng, (x) Shuiping and (xi) Runan. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 7

  8. 研究地区-江苏Jiangsu Town and Township Water Management Study Page 8

  9. 社会经济 (2003)Socio-Economic Development 当地财务状况仍然十分紧张，在河南调研地区之间以及与东部发达地区之间仍然存在地区差异。Local governments face very tight financial budgets and regional differentiation exists among surveyed counties in Henan and those in developed areas Town and Township Water Management Study Page 9

  10. 环境状况 (2003) • 由于经济发展和环境管理较差，水质正在严重恶化。WQ has been seriously degraded due to rapid economic development and weak environmental management. • 城镇和快速城镇化的农村可能成为未来重要的污染来源。Towns and rapidly urbanizing townships are likely to be the originators of extensive environmental degradations in the future 这些河流域当地经济发展更为密切。 River that is more related to local economy Town and Township Water Management Study Page 10

  11. 环境状况 (2003)Environmental Situation Town and Township Water Management Study Page 11

  12. 环境状况 (2003)Environmental Situation 环境管理资金不足。Insufficient funding allocated to environmental management. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 12

  13. 环境状况 (2003)Environmental Situation 地方环保局能力有待加强，对环保法规的实施能力很弱。Local EPB capacity is very weak and enforcement of environmental regulations is poor. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 13

  14. 供水Water Supply • 管道供水的覆盖率还很低。 In surveyed areas, pipeline water supply coverage is low. • 迫切需要提高安全饮用水的覆盖率。There is urgent need for high coverage of safe drinking water • 水费收取率太低。Fee collection rate is low Town and Township Water Management Study Page 14

  15. 供水Water Supply • WWTR – 污水处理率; SPC – 下水管道铺设; HWPW = 家庭管道供水; TCC = 城市基础设施投资. WWTR – Waste Water Treatment Rate; SPC – Sewage Pipe Coverage; HWPW = Households with Piped Water; TCC = Total Capital Construction (in urban infrastructure). • 数据来源: MOC, 调研Data Sources: MOC, Field Survey Town and Township Water Management Study Page 15

  16. 供水Water Supply 水价改革在进行，但是还需要进一步深入。Water price reform is going on but needs further step Town and Township Water Management Study Page 16

  17. 供水Water Supply • 如果污水处理费（1元/立方米）也通过水费收取，对于居民来说支付就太高。假设2010收入增长20%。If wastewater tariff (1.0CNY/cum) is collected via water fee, it will be too high for residents of small towns. Suppose income increases by 20% in 2010. • 由于财务预算紧张，大多数地区都在期待着贷款或政府支持来完成新自来水厂的建设计划。来自政府方面的自来水厂建设资金比污水处理厂更可靠。 Most areas expect loans or governmental support to make those new water supply plants possible. Financial sources for water supply is more secured from governments than wastewater treatment. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 17

  18. 污水处理WWTP • 0-无计划 ; 1-进行可行性研究 ; 2-准备接受评估 ; 3-工程计划已经通过; 4-已经投入运行。OD-氧化沟。 BR-生物反应池。0-No plan, 1-Feasibility Study, 2-Proposal Being Evaluated, 3-Project Proposal passed, 4-in operation; OD-Oxidation Ditch; BR-Bio-reaction pool.这一地区还没有建立一家污水处理厂。No WWTP has been built in the region and it is urgently needed.如果当地资金筹措机制得不到改变，小城镇就很难在不远的将来建立污水处理厂。If current financing mechanisms are not changed, it is doubtful that small cities and towns can build WWTPs in the near future. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 18

  19. 污水处理WWTP • 排污费很难收集。Wastewater tariff is hard to collect. • 对于GDP较低的小城镇，由于财政支付能力低，银行及其他私营资本很难提供的所需资金。Financing from banks and the private sector is not available to low GDP small towns because of their limited financial resources. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 19

  20. 有关地方发展的建议 Local Development • 县一级政府承诺保证环境保护和经济增长的协调。County governments make commitments to the balancing environmental protection and economic growth. • 把城市化作为机遇和要求来改善小城市和城镇的供水和污水处理设施。Improve water supply and wastewater treatment service by using the urbanization of small cities and towns as both opportunities and demands. • 注意改善地方产业结构。Pay attentions to local industrial structures. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 20

  21. 有关环境管理的建议Environ. Governance • 依靠上一级更多的财政支持并采用由上级环保局直接任命官员的垂直管理系统。Partially vertical management system via more financial support and direct appointment by upper level EPB. • 以充足的财政预算支持环保局，使环境保护规章制度如征收污染费的执行更加独立。Sufficient financial budget for local EPB so implementation of environmental regulation such as pollution levy can be more independent. • 培训环保局职员以改进管理效率。 Training for EPB staffs to improve the efficiency of management. Town and Township Water Management Study Nanjing University Page 21

  22. 有关供水的建议Water Supply • 供水应该是最优先考虑的，最好的办法是将供水厂和污水处理厂以及相应的基础设施的规划和建设同时进行。Water supply is the first priority but the best approach is to plan and build WSP, WWTP and the supporting infrastructure at the same time. • 城关镇和其毗邻小镇应该是供水的首要目标并,且其它镇也应该开发小规模管道供水系统。Chenguan Towns and adjacent townships should be the prime target for water supply and other towns should develop small-scale pipeline water supply system. • 私人投资应该得到鼓励，特别是在相对发达的县。Private investment should be encouraged particularly in the relatively developed counties and government support is necessary. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 22

  23. 有关污水处理的建议Recommendations on WWTP • 政府应该提供财政支持和政策优惠来鼓励污水管理的发展。Government at various levels should provide more financial support and policy package to encourage the development of WW management. • 分散式的污水处理厂和低成本技术应该被运用来促进减少污水的管理费用，把下水道系统纳入污水处理厂计划。Decentralized WWTPs and low cost technologies should be promoted to reduce costs. Sewage system should be included in the WWTP planning. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 23

  24. 有关污水处理的建议Recommendations on WWTP • 中央政府应该考虑在小城镇和欠发达地区设置更低的排放标准减少初始成本。Central government should consider lower effluent discharge standards for small towns and townships in less developed areas to reduce initial costs. • 政府应该通过改革排污收费，增加政府补偿和来鼓励私人企业在较不发达的地区建设污水处理厂。Encourage private sectors to develop WWTP in less developed areas by wastewater tariff reform and more government compensations. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 24

  25. 世界银行的机遇Bank Opportunities • 为地方环保局和政府环境管治、供水和废水处理方面的能力建设提供服务和支持。Provide capacity building package for local EPB and government in environmental governance, water supply, and wastewater treatment; • 确认最经济有效的供水和污水处理的手段并为示范项目提供财务支持 。Identify the most cost effective WS and WWT processes and provide fund for demonstration projects. • 协助中央政府进行政策改革，如贫困地区水和污水管理目标确定和潜在的补贴。Work with central government on policy reform on issues such as water and wastewater quality objectives and subsidized fees for poor areas. Town and Township Water Management Study Page 25

  26. 谢谢！ Thanks! Town and Township Water Management Study Page 26

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