A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development

1. Chapter 2 • Infant Development A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Successful Solutions Professional Development LLC

2. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter Topics Research has demonstrated that strong positive relationships between children and caregivers are linked to positive outcomes for children.

3. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Infants are developing a foundation for trust and attachment. When babies have their needs met, they learn to trust. When adults respond quickly and appropriately to infants’ cries of distress or signals for play, infants learn that they are important.

4. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development They learn that what they do makes a difference. They learn that they can express their emotions, whether pleasant or unpleasant, and that someone understands how they feel.

5. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Infants need a continuing relationship with a few caring people. Young children thrive when they share a strong bond with a person who cares for them day after day. Consistent attention from the same caregiver helps to meet an infant’s need for stability and familiarity.

6. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the emotional needs of infants, make sure you: • Hold, touch, and cuddle them, making frequent eye contact and talking with them (especially during routines such as feeding and diapering) • Encourage them to develop their physical abilities such as rolling, sitting, and walking • Respond to and expand on cues coming from the child (“Are you getting hungry? Let me get you a bottle.”)

7. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the emotional needs of infants, make sure you: • Provide time and space for movement and play • Spend time interacting with them, holding them, rocking them, and sitting on the floor with them in your lap • Talk to them often in loving tones using descriptive words (make this part of your routine care)

8. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Emotional Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the emotional needs of infants, make sure you: • Interpret their actions to other children to help them get along in the group (“Anthony has the ball and you would like one too. Here’s another ball for you.”) • Encourage contact between infants; but be careful to protect younger infants from the explorations of older, mobile ones • Give them hugs and smiles, and laugh with them

9. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Social Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Newborns arrive with their own set of personal social skills. In order to encourage these social interactions, communications and relationships, caregivers should: • Respond promptly in a gentle and reassuring way to infants’ various methods of communication (smiles, cooing, eye contact, body language, crying, etc.) • Initiate interactions with infants to encourage communication

10. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Social Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the social needs of infants, make sure you: • Reinforce infants’ responses by showing interest and delight • Take cues from infants to avoid over and under stimulation • Make eye contact while talking and singing to them during care routines and play times

11. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Babies are born learning. Infancy is a time of rapid brain development. They are totally dependent upon the important adults in their lives, including caregivers, to provide the right experiences at the right times to reach their optimal intellectual development. Infants learn through their eyes, ears, noses, mouths, and fingers. They need lots of opportunities to explore their world. Daily routines, including feeding, dressing, and diapering, are the most important teaching moments.

12. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Talk to infants. Tell them what you are doing and why. Explain to them what is happening. Laugh and play with them; celebrate life together. Even though they cannot talk yet, they are learning language, the meaning of words, and beginning to understand and read faces and body language.

13. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development As children approach their first birthday, they love to put things into containers and then take them out. They love to stack things and then knock them down. Keep older infants’ play equipment down low and in familiar places.

14. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the intellectual needs of infants, make sure you: • Provide an appropriately challenging, safe environment for them to explore and manipulate • Provide light, colorful objects for babies to look at, reach for, and grasp • Play naming and hiding games such as peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake

15. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the intellectual needs of infants, make sure you: • Provide simple toys • Talk to them, make eye contact, and point out familiar objects to them • Engage in many one-to-one, face-to-face interactions with them • Share lullabies and music from around the world • Display interesting things to look at

16. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the intellectual needs of infants, make sure you: • Respond to sounds they make, occasionally imitating the infant’s vocalizations • Describe the infant’s and adult’s actions and the events that occur in the environment (“Oh, you like that song. Shall I sing it again?”) • Sing to them and appreciate their vocalizations and sounds

17. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Intellectual Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the intellectual needs of infants, make sure you: • Place pictures and photos in their cribs and along the bottom of the wall at their eye level • Play games pointing out their body parts and naming familiar objects in their environment • Read picture books (both non-fiction and fiction) daily

18. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Physical Development Chapter 2 Infant Development As infants grow, you will notice their periods of alertness getting longer. The time they are awake between sleeping and feeding increases. Infants need a chance to exercise their arms and legs. They need to experience varying body positions.

19. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Physical Development Chapter 2 Infant Development They may enjoy massages and soft tickles. They need brief periods of “tummy time” on the floor to raise their heads, strengthen their backs, and push up on their arms, later to rock from front to back and begin crawling. Older infants become more mobile, exploratory, and social. They begin to pull themselves up on furniture. They crawl, climb small stairs, and go up low ramps. They also begin walking with assistance.

20. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Physical Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the physical needs of infants, make sure you: • Support infants’ attempts to roll, sit, walk, and grasp • Provide open carpeted space as well as hard surfaces for crawling • Provide low, sturdy furniture for children to pull up and hold on to while learning to walk • Provide accessible outdoor activities daily

21. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Physical Development Chapter 2 Infant Development To meet the physical needs of infants, make sure you: • Provide simple objects for infants to reach for, grasp, and explore • Allow non-mobile infants to move comfortably, lying freely on their backs while looking about, kicking, reaching, and practicing hand-eye coordination • Allow mobile infants to move about freely, exploring in a safe environment

22. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Special Program Requirements for Infants and Toddlers Young children thrive when they share a strong bond with a person who cares for them day after day. Infants need a continuing relationship with a few caring people. Consistent attention from the same caregiver helps to meet an infant’s need for stability and familiarity.

23. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter 2 Infant Development You must provide toys, objects and other play materials that: • Are cleanable • Are nontoxic • Cannot cause a choking hazard for infants or toddlers • You must not use baby walkers

24. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Infant and toddler caregivers have an awesome responsibility. It is now known that the first three years of life are more critical to a child’s development than ever imagined. Research shows that more rapid brain development takes place during these years than at any other time of life. Babies are born learning. Children need the right experiences at the right times for their brains to fully develop.

25. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Infant and toddler caregivers have an awesome responsibility. Make the most of any opportunity to hold, cuddle, and interact with infants and toddlers. Talk to infants and toddlers often in loving tones with descriptive words. Make this a part of your routine care. These activities promote attachment and bonding – crucial components for normal growth and development.

26. A Basic Approach to Child Growth and Development Chapter 2 Infant Development Click here to launch Chapter 2 Assessment 2