PHYSICAL SCIENCE CONSTITUENTS AND STRUCTURE

1. PHYSICAL SCIENCE CONSTITUENTS AND STRUCTURE By Souvik Roy

2. INTRODUCTION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCE CONSTITUENTS AND STRUCTURE • Physical science is very vast. It’s components present earth, ocean, atmosphere. Physical Science is a part of natural science that describes energy and inanimate natural objects. Physical science inanimate objects are chemistry, physics, and astronomy. • The basic concept of mechanics is that a force applied at one point can overcome friction, gravity, and other forms of resistance to produce motion at another. • This physical law has been long understood, and inventors de- vised machines in order to amplify the effect, allowing larger amounts of resistance to be overcome with less power.

3. History of Physical Science Archimedes, a Greek mathematician, made early strides in understanding the mathematics underlying physics. Legend has it that while bathing he inspired by observing the displacement of water. His insights helped in hydraulics and in the basic principles of leverage as well. He determined that the force needed to leverage an object declined with its distance from a fulcrum. In the 1500s Nicolaus Copernicus and, subsequently, Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler revolutionized humankind’s understanding of the planetary motion. Their work relied not just on astronomical observations. The experiments with moving bodies and an understanding of inertia and solar system and the rules regarding the effects of force over distance.

4. WHAT IS WORK in Physics? Scientists have refined Newton’s laws and their implications. All mechanics is fundamentally about motion. Closely related to all three of Newton’s laws of motion is the concept of work. To a scientist, work necessarily involves motion. Work is produced in a given body by an external force that is applied at least partly in the direction of movement. It is measured as a transfer of energy be- tween the objects. Thus work might involve compressing a gas, rotating a shaft. Work applying leverage, or count- less other movements or operations necessary in a society that depends on machines. Two other concepts critical to Newton’s laws of motion are force and inertia. Force any action that has the ability to maintain, alter, or distort the motion of an object. Force has magnitude and direction. Inertia is a property inherent in a body by which it opposes any impulse to begin or change in movement. A NEWTONIAN DEFINITION of work, given in terms of force and inertia, applies to many realms of the physical world-including the efforts of this 1943 prison work crew.

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