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Mongol Empire 1207-1368

Mongol Empire 1207-1368. Early Nomads. Asia known for bringing terror to rest of world Huns, Seljuk Turks Mongols located in Northern Asia Prior to the 13 th Century, Mongols lived as nomads Brought together under Genghis Khan. Mongol Soldiers.

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Mongol Empire 1207-1368

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  1. Mongol Empire 1207-1368

  2. Early Nomads • Asia known for bringing terror to rest of world • Huns, Seljuk Turks • Mongols located in Northern Asia • Prior to the 13th Century, Mongols lived as nomads • Brought together under Genghis Khan

  3. Mongol Soldiers • As nomads, forced to perfect a certain set of skills • Superlative horseman and archers • Excellent endurance and toughness • Survived off of pillage and plunder • No need to wait for supplies • Prior to Genghis – only fought each other (Tartars)

  4. Equipment • Clothing • One layer of silk • Covered with thin leather • Wool in winter • Helmets • Metal with pieces of metal covering neck and ears

  5. Equipment • Weapons • Battle Axe • Scimitar • Curved Sword • Lance • Bow • Short and long range

  6. Mongol Horseman

  7. Order from Chaos • Genghis was known to be a great warrior and cunning politician • Coaxed some tribes to unite, forced others • Eliminated hierarchy of classes • Appointed most trusted and talented as leaders • Outlawed sale of wives and excused poor from taxes • Barred rape and plunder… unless given permission

  8. Tactics and Strategies • Genghis’ men were not known for strict formations and often looked unorganized • However, they were very disciplined and skilled fighters • Appearance of disorder often lured in enemies who would quickly be slaughtered.

  9. Tactics and Strategies • Known for observing and adopting strategies of opponents • Become experts in siege warfare • Filled moats with sandbags • Constructed portable Catapults used to hurl everything from early napalm-like substances to animal carcasses

  10. Primary Weapon - Terror • Mongol’s reputation preceded them • In 1220, one city’s inhabitants were gathered outside the city, slaughtered, beheaded • Their heads were then stacked into a pyramid to warn others who might resist

  11. Conquering Asia • During the first 30 years of the 1200’s, Mongols Conquered most of Asia with relative ease. • By the time Genghis died in 1227, his empire stretched from the Pacific to the Caspian Sea. • Cause of death is still debated

  12. Post Genghis • Khan’s son, Ogedei carried on the legacy of his father • Invaded Russia in 1237 • “Explored” Eastern Europe • Empire reached its peak under Ogedei (Vienna, Austria) • Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis) became ruler in 1259

  13. Kublai Khan • Admired Chinese civilization’s wealth and technology • Determined to create a new Empire • Named himself Emperor in 1271 • Established Yuan dynasty and named capital in Daidu (Beijing) • Lacked support of most Chinese • First to use counterweight Trebuchet in china • Launch 660 lbs 1640 ft

  14. Mongol’s Halted • Kublai successfully conquered most of China by 1276 • In 1274 he attempted to move into Japan • Fleet destroyed in a storm • Tried again in 1281 • Again, destroyed in typhoons known as Kamikazes (“divine winds”)

  15. Kublai Khan Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan Destruction of the Mongol fleet attacking Japan

  16. Aftermath • Kublai had other failed attempts to conquer Vietnam • Did manage to take Burma and Korea • Upon his death, the empire slowly declined • In 1368 the Yuan dynasty was brought down after years of rebellion, drought and floods • Ming Dynasty begins (1368-1644)

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