Fatimid al- Qahira before the arrival of Saladin in 1168

1. Gender and Piety in Medieval Architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Courtyard House and the Madrasa

2. Fatimid al-Qahira before the arrival of Saladin in 1168 Saladin’s own palace-citadel outside the previous ones for his Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1250)

3. Arrival of Saladin and his Ayyubiddynasty turns al-Qahira into a bourgeois merchants’ neighborhood 1087 after 1168

4. I. The Arab courtyard house (bayt or dar) – historical and environmental origins of its design Arab courtyard houses in Cairo, Egypt, 13th – 14th cen.

5. I. These courtyard houses date to the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt (1250-1517) Arab courtyard houses in Cairo, Egypt, 13th – 14th cen. House of HasanKachif, from Napoleon’s Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

6. I. bayt – humble dwelling dar – grand domestic complex Greek Roman Arab

7. I. A. What are some possible precedents for the Arab courtyard house? classical Greek oikos Hellenistic peristyle house remains of humble dwellings (bayt) in Fustat grand domestic complex (dar) in Fustat

8. I. B. Physical environment: urban setting in a very hot climate medieval houses in Cairo

9. I. B. roof top wind catch (malkaf)

10. I. C. Cultural factors: How were social relationships mediated by the architecture of the Arab crtydhouse? I. C. 1. Facade fenestration wood lattice (mashrabiyya) enclosed balconies a Cairene house of the Mamluk era Emir Bashtak’s Palace, 1356

11. I. C. 2. Door and bent-axis corridor Large door (hospitality) Bent-axis corridor (privacy)

12. I. C. 3. main courtyard and ground-floor public rooms General view of courtyard in a traditional Arab house of medieval origin

13. I. C. 3. House of HasanKachef, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28) House of Qasim Bey, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

14. I. C. 4. public reception rooms (qa ‘a, mandara, or salamlek) indoor public reception room House of HasanKachef, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28) Emir Bashtak’s palace

15. I. C. 4. indoor public reception room (qa ‘a or salamlek) iwan of qa ‘a domed chamber of qa ‘a John Fredrick Lewis, The Mid-Day Meal, 1875 House of Solyman Agha from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

16. I. C. 5. more exclusive reception areas: upstairs loggias and indoor salons 2ndfloor loggia doubles as summer sleeping room 2nd-floor loggia (maq ‘ad) over the courtyard no dining room no kitchen in small houses John Fredrick Lewis, The Mid-Day Meal, 1875

17. I. D. How were gender relationships negotiated by the architecture of an Arab courtyard house? I. D. 1. women’s domain (harim = “holy fold” or private quarters) wood lattice (mashrabiyya) facing onto courtyards the harim could have its own courtyard, fountain, and parlors

18. I. D. 1. behind a mashrabiyya in Bashtak Palace view seen from this mashrabiyya

19. II. Religion and domestic space: evidence that houses had religious significance A. Architectural similarities B. Orientation

20. II. C. Proximity D. Religious significance from decoration

21. II. B. 3. What are some public amenities financed by wealthy citizens Cairo: al-Qahira’s schools, mausolea, and hospitals Sabilkuttab – Fountain and School Kostof’s Hospital, Mausoleum, and Madrasa of Qala’un, 1284-85

22. IV. Private patronage of public buildings in medieval Islamic cities: the madrasa Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, Cairo, Egypt, 1356 Lessons in early Islamic Architecture: *An architecture experienced from within *Buildings not designed as a single balanced unit. *Creation of ways to express non-tectonic values

23. IV. A. What functions did madrasas serve in the Muslim world? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan mosque iwan

24. IV. A. 1. Madrasa of Sultan Hasan– four iwans (vaulted halls) for teaching

25. IV. A. 1. Where had instruction taken place before the madrasa? mosques madrasas Madrasa of Sultan Hasan Ibn Tulum mosque, 876, Cairo

26. IV. A. 2. Where did students live and where did they study? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan Dormitory courtyard

27. I. B. Medieval trends in Islamic architecture: exalting the individual 1. How is the benefector (S. Hasan) commemorated in the architecture? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the Sultan’s mausoleum

28. IV. B. 2. What is significant about the tomb’s location on the qibla? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the Sultan’s mausoleum qibla

29. IV. B. 3. How is the madrasa a power building? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan before construction of the ar-Rifa'i mosque standing next to the ar-Rifa'i mosque (1869)

30. IV. B. 3. Madrasa of Sultan Hasan before construction of the ar-Rifa'i mosque

31. IV. B. 3. a. How is the exterior articulated compared to the plain perimeters of the early period of Islamic rule? Early medieval Late medieval Great Mosque at Kairawan Madrasa of Sultan Hasan Great Mosque at Cordoba

32. IV. C. Later medieval trends in Islamic architecture: classical architecture supplanted by the antiquity and the contemporary ideas of another place and culture (Iraq) Great Mosque at Samarra, Iraq, 848-52 Great Mosque of Damascus, 706 Dome of the Rock, 685 mosque at Kufah, Iraq ad 670 House of the Prophet

33. IV. C. 2. Use of muquarnas Shrine of Imam Dur, Dur (near Samarra), Iraq, 1085

34. IV. C. 2. muqarnas – Madrasaof Sultan Hasan, entrance portal

35. IV. C. 2. The four-iwan plan or courtyard from Iraq: iwan - a roofed or vaulted hall open at one end Pre-Islamic: iwan hall in palace Islamic: 4-iwan courtyard Madrasaat Mustansiriya, Iraq, 1227-34 Imperial palace at Ctesphion, Iraq, ad 550

36. IV. C. 3. 4-iwan Madrasa at Mustansiriya, Iraq, 1234 4-iwan Madrasaof Sultan Hasan, Cairo, 1356