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Explore the various intermolecular forces that determine the states of substances at room temperature and their effects on dissolution, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London forces. Discover the predictive power of intermolecular forces in determining melting and boiling points, as well as their influence on surface tension.
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Intermolecular Forces • why is N2 a gas at room temp, but H2O is a liquid? • intermolecular forces • intramolecular vs intermolecular forces
Ion-dipole Intermolecular Forces
Dissolution of an Ionic Solid ions become surrounded by water dipoles gain ion-dipole interactions but lose ion-ion interactions
dipole-dipole Intermolecular Forces
hydrogen bonds Intermolecular Forces • special dipole-dipole interaction • a H atom which is covalently bound to O, N, or F interacts with another O, N, or F atom
hydrogen bonds Intermolecular Forces • direction matters • causes some interesting properties
dispersion or London forces Intermolecular Forces • instantaneous dipole – induced dipole interaction size of molecule or atom plays important role in strength of London forces
The Predictive Power of Intermolecular Forces • melting and boiling points • H2O vs N2 • ethanol and dimethyl ether
