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The Book of Revelation. The Apocalypse “ Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written in it; for the time is near”. Introduction. Just as Genesis is the book of beginning, Revelation is the book of consummation.
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The Book of Revelation The Apocalypse “Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written in it; for the time is near”.
Introduction • Just as Genesis is the book of beginning, Revelation is the book of consummation. • In Genesis Adam was expelled out of the Paradise, but in the Book of Revelation, Man returned to Heaven. • Although there are numerous prophecies in the Gospels and Epistles, Revelation is the only NT book that focuses primarily on prophetic events. • Because of its complex imagery and symbolism, it is the most difficult biblical book to interpret. • Its title means “unveiling” or disclosure. • Penned by John (in A.D. 95 or 96) during his exile on the island of Patmos, Revelation centres on visions and symbols of the resurrected Christ, who alone has the authority to judge the earth, to remake it, and to rule it in righteousness.
The Christ of Revelation • Revelation has much to say about all three Persons of the Godhead, but it is specially clear in its presentation of the awesome resurrected Christ who has received all authority to judge the earth. • He is called: • Jesus Christ (1:1), • the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth (1:5), • The First and the Last (1:17), • He who lives (1:18), • The Son of God (2:18), • Holy and true (3:7), • The Amen, the Faithful and True Witness (3:14), • The Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David (5:5), • A lamb (5:6), • Faithful and True (19:11), • The Word of God (19:13), • KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS (19:16), • Alpha and Omega (22:13), • The Bright and Morning Star (22:16), • The Lord Jesus Christ (22:21).
The Christ of Revelation (cont.) • The book is indeed “The Revelation of Jesus Christ” (1:1) since it comes from Him and centres on Him. • It begins with a vision of His glory, wisdom, and power (1), and portrays His authority over the entire church (2;3). He is the Lamb who was slain and declared worthy to open the book of judgement (5). His righteous wrath is poured out on the whole earth (6-18), and he returns in power to judge His enemies and to reign as the Lord over all (19;20). He will rule forever over the heavenly city in the presence of all who know Him (21;22). • The scriptures close with His great promise: “Behold, I am coming quickly!” (22:7, 12). “ ‘Surely I am coming quickly.’ Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus!” (22:20).
Why was it written? • To assure the recipients of the ultimate triumph of Christ over all who rise up against Him and His saints. • The readers were facing dark times of persecution, and even worse times would follow. Therefore, they needed to be encouraged to persevere by standing firm in Christ. It was also written to challenge complacent Christians to stop compromising with the world
Survey of Revelation • The three major movements in this profound unveiling are captured in 1:19: “Write the things which you have seen, and the things which are, and the things which will take place after this”.
“The Things which you have seen” (1) • A rich theological portrait of the triune God (1:4-8) is followed by an overwhelming theophany (visible manifestation of God) in 1:9-20. • The omnipotent (all powerful, invincible, supreme) Christ who will subjugate all things under His authority is the central figure in this book. • “Then I turned to see the voice that spoke with me. And having turned I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the seven lampstandsOne like the Son of Man, clothed with a garment down to the feet (like priests as he is the High Priest) and girded about the chest with a golden band (king). 14 His head and hair were white like wool, as white as snow (purity, wisdom, and without beginning), and His eyes like a flame of fire; 15 His feet were like fine brass, as if refined in a furnace (powerful), and His voice as the sound of many waters; 16 He had in His right hand seven stars, out of His mouth went a sharp two-edged sword (His word is powerful), and His countenance was like the sun shining in its strength”.
“The Things Which Are” (2,3) • The messages of Christ to the seven churches in Asia minor contain a command, a commendation and/or condemnation, a correction and a challenge.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) • The Throne of God (4): • 1 After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven. And the first voice which I heard was like a trumpet speaking with me, saying, “Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this.”2 Immediately I was in the Spirit; and behold, a throne set in heaven, and One sat on the throne. 3 And He who sat there was like a jasper (white/ transparent= purity) and a sardius (red like fire= judgement) stone in appearance; and there was a rainbow (God ‘s covenant with man) around the throne, in appearance like an emerald (green). 4 Around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and on the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, clothed in white robes; and they had crowns of gold on their heads. 5 And from the throne proceeded lightnings, thunderings, and voices. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God. 6 Before the throne there was a sea of glass, like crystal (baptism). And in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, were four living creatures full of eyes in front and in back. 7 The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle. 8The four living creatures, each having six wings, were full of eyes around and within. And they do not rest day or night, saying: “ Holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty, Who was and is and is to come!” 9 Whenever the living creatures give glory and honor and thanks to Him who sits on the throne, who lives forever and ever, 10 the twenty-four elders fall down before Him who sits on the throne and worship Him who lives forever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying: 11 “ You are worthy, O Lord, To receive glory and honor and power; For You created all things, And by Your will they exist and were created
The four living creatures • They represent the four major events that our Lord Jesus Christ has gone through: Incarnation (face like a man), crucifixion (calf), resurrection (lion), and ascension (eagle). • Also they represent the four evangelists: Matthew (man), Mark (lion), Luke (calf), and John (eagle).
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.] • The Lamb Takes the Scroll (5) • 1 And I saw in the right hand of Him who sat on the throne a scroll written inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals. 2 Then I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, “Who is worthy to open the scroll and to loose its seals?” 3 And no one in heaven or on the earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll, or to look at it.4 So I wept much, because no one was found worthy to open and read the scroll, or to look at it. 5 But one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has prevailed to open the scroll and to loose its seven seals.” 6 And I looked, and behold, in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as though it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent out into all the earth. 7 Then He came and took the scroll out of the right hand of Him who sat on the throne. • Worthy Is the Lamb 8 Now when He had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each having a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. 9 And they sang a new song, saying: “ You are worthy to take the scroll, And to open its seals; For You were slain, And have redeemed us to God by Your blood Out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation, 10 And have made us kings and priests to our God; And we shall reign on the earth.”
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.] • Three cycles of seven judgements in chapters 6-16 consist of seven seals, seven trumpets, and seven bowls. • There is a comforting insert between the sixth and seventh seal and trumpet judgements and an extended insert between the trumpet and bowl judgements.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]The seven seals(6:1-8:5) • The first four seals (4 stages in the history of the church) are represented by the four horsemen: • The white horseman refers to the era of the apostles presenting the word of God to the world (bow but no sword or spear or arrow). The horse refers also to the church with its apostles and saints and it is victorious because the horseman is Jesus himself. This encourages the believers in the face of the next seals. • The red horseman refers to the era of martyrdom. • The black refers to famines. It also refers to spiritual famine that kill and destroy peoples’ lives. Oil (the work of the Holy Spirit), and the wine (Holy Blood and joy) are not touched. Those who seek protection in the Holy Spirit and Holy Communion will be saved. • The pale (Death and Hades) refers to a major heresy (Islam and others) that also leads to persecution of the believers. Death of the followers of this heresy accounts for the name of this horseman. God’s mercy did not allow this heresy to involve more than a fourth of the earth. Beware of false teachings.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]Fifth Seal: The Cry of the Martyrs Rev: 6 • [When He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the testimony which they held. 10 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” 11 Then a white robe was given to each of them; and it was said to them that they should rest a little while longer, until both the number of their fellow servants and their brethren, who would be killed as they were, was completed.] • In the 5th seal, God, who is full of mercy, takes us from the pain and sufferings of the church on earth to a great scene in heaven that comforts us and takes our fears away as He shows us that He is just and does not forget the church’s sufferings even though He might wait a little bit. • There is a tradition to bury the bodies of the martyrs under the altar in the churches.
The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]Sixth Seal: Cosmic Disturbances • The sun became black (the sun refers to Christ, and becoming black refers to lack of clear vision of Christ due to the strange teachings and sin that darken the mind of people and blind them leading them astray). • The moon became like blood (the moon refers to the church and it is red because of the blood of the martyrs). • An Earthquake refers to the effect of heresies that tear apart the church. It also refers to the shaken faith. • Stars of heaven fell to the earth referring to the high- rank figures in the church (e.g. Arius, Nestor, etc.) that fell off grace because of heresies.
A comforting vision between the 6th and 7th seals to encourage believers • The vision between the 6th and 7th seals (Rev:7) describes the protective sealing of 144,000 “children of Israel”, 12,000 from every tribe (the striving church). It is noticeable that the tribes of Dan and Ephraim were not mentioned as they were idolaters and it is said that the Anti-Christ will come from the tribe of Dan. Instead, Joseph was mentioned as a tribe to replace his son Ephraim. Thus, Joseph the pure had the share of two (his share + Manasseh). Levi who did not have an earthly share, is now rewarded by God, who gives dignity to priesthood. • This sealing is what we get in the sacrament of confirmation (Holy Spirit by Myron) • John also saw “a great multitude which no one could number, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, with palm branches in their hands”. “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation (the victorious church), and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15 Therefore they are before the throne of God, and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them. 16 They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; 17 for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” • It is encouraging to see the fate of those who come successfully out of the great tribulation.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]The 7th seal (8:6-11:19) • Seventh Seal: Prelude to the Seven Trumpets • 1 When He opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. 2 And I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and to them were given seven trumpets. 3 Then another angel, having a golden censer, came and stood at the altar. He was given much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all the saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne (refers to intercessions). 4 And the smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the saints, ascended before God from the angel’s hand.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]The 7th seal (8:6-11:19) • Seven trumpets: The catastrophic events in most of the trumpetjudgements are called “woes”. The 7 trumpets are part of the 7th seal: • First Trumpet: Vegetation Struck 7 The first angel sounded: And hail and fire (the two are opposites to indicate the comprehensiveness of the punishment of those who do not repent) followed, mingled with blood (frightening expression to indicate God’s wrath on those who do not repent), and they were thrown to the earth. And a third (God is merciful in his wrath) of the trees were burned up, and all green grass (those with shallow faith) was burned up. Second Trumpet: The Seas Struck8 Then the second angel sounded: And something like a great mountain (a great president /king or a great country) burning with fire was thrown into the sea (refers to the world, as if the 2nd trumpet warns of a world war caused by the arrogance of a nation ), and a third of the sea became blood. 9 And a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]The 7th seal (8:6-11:19) Third Trumpet: The Waters Struck 10 Then the third angel sounded: And a great star fell from heaven (again refers to a high profile religious figure e.g. Arius, Nestor, etc.), burning like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers (refer to the word of God and teachings)and on the springs of water. 11 The name of the star is Wormwood (very bitter referring to bitterness of heresies). A third of the waters became wormwood (heresies make teachings bitter) and many men died from the water, because it was made bitter (lesson: take refuge in the church to be protected from false teachings). Fourth Trumpet: The Heavens Struck 12 Then the fourth angel sounded: And a third of the sun was struck, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them were darkened. A third of the day did not shine, and likewise the night. 13 And I looked, and I heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, “Woe, woe, woe to the inhabitants of the earth, because of the remaining blasts of the trumpet of the three angels who are about to sound!” N.B: The sun refers to Christ, the moon to the church. The darkness refers to the effect of strange teachings on the way Christ &church are viewed. Some people will blaspheme against God and reject the authority of the church. Darkness will also involve some religious leaders (stars) and they will fall from grace losing their light and leadership.
The 5th trumpet (part of 7th seal) • Revelation 9: • Fifth Trumpet: The Locusts from the Bottomless Pit (the 1st woe) 1 Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star (refers to Satan) fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit. 2 And he opened the bottomless pit, and smoke (thoughts introduced by Satan that darken the minds of people so that they cannot see God) arose out of the pit like the smoke of a great furnace. So the sun and the air were darkened because of the smoke of the pit. 3 Then out of the smoke locusts (devils) came upon the earth. And to them was given power (so nothing they do is without permission), as the scorpions of the earth have power. 4 They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads.5 And they were not given authority to kill them, but to torment them for five months (God is merciful in His wrath). Their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a man. 6 In those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will desire to die, and death will flee from them.7 The shape of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle. On their heads were crowns of something like gold, and their faces were like the faces of men. 8 They had hair like women’s hair, and their teeth were like lions’ teeth (Satan is deceitful).9 And they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots with many horses running into battle. 10 They had tails like scorpions, and there were stings in their tails. Their power was to hurt men five months. 11 And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew isAbaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon (both mean the destroyer).
6th trumpet = 2nd woe (part of 7th seal) • Major wars (either physical wars or spiritual wars): Rev 9 “Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them. 17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision: those who sat on them had breastplates of fiery red, hyacinth blue, and sulfur yellow; and the heads of the horses were like the heads of lions; and out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and brimstone. 18 By these three plagues a third of mankind (God is always merciful; He gave the remaining 2/3 a chance to repent) was killed—by the fire and the smoke and the brimstone which came out of their mouths. 19 For their power is in their mouth (Satan uses deceitful words as he did with Eve) and in their tails (represent poisonous passions); for their tails are like serpents, having heads (Satan uses logic to convince man to commit sin); and with them they do harm”.
6th trumpet (part of 7th seal) • 20 But the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and idols of gold, silver, brass, stone, and wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk. 21 And they did not repent of their murders or their sorceries or their sexual immorality or their thefts.
A comforting vision between 6th and 7th trumpets to encourage believers • The Mighty Angel with the Little Book: Rev:10 • 1 I saw still another mighty angel (refers to our Lord) coming down from heaven, clothed with a cloud (a cloud in OT referred to the presence of God with His people). And a rainbow was on his head (rainbow refers to the covenant between God and His people), his face was like the sun, and his feet like pillars of fire (refers to His power). 2 He had a little (little because the end is near) book open in his hand. And he set his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land (signifying that He controls everything both earth and sea), 3 and cried with a loud voice, as when a lion roars.
Insert between 6th and 7th trumpets (cont.) • Revelation 11 • The Two Witnesses 1 Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod. And the angel stood, saying, “Rise and measure the temple of God (refers to believers “you are the temple of God), the altar, (believers are measured by their love, degree of giving and sacrifice=altar), and those who worship there (worship signifies humility as if God is giving the authority to the church symbolized by John to assess believers based on their humility, love and sacrifice). 2 But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the Gentiles (non-believers). And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months. 3 And I will give power to my two witnesses (some say they are Elijah and Enoch), and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth.”4 These are the two olive trees (as they give peace to believers with their teachings) and the two lampstands (as they will enlighten the dark world with their teachings) standing before the God of the earth. 5 And if anyone wants to harm them, fire proceeds from their mouth and devours their enemies. And if anyone wants to harm them, he must be killed in this manner. 6 These have power to shut heaven, so that no rain falls in the days of their prophecy; and they have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to strike the earth with all plagues, as often as they desire. • Two unnamed witnesses minister during three and half years of the Tribulation (42 months or 1260 days, i.e a limited period). At the end of their ministry they are overcome (killed) by the Beast that ascended from the bottomless pit, but their resurrection and ascention confound their enemies and comfort the believers.
7th trumpet • Seventh Trumpet: The Kingdom Proclaimed 15 Then the seventh angel sounded: And there were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!” 16 And the twenty-four elders who sat before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17 saying: “ We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, The One who is and who was and who is to come, Because You have taken Your great power and reigned. 18 The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, And the time of the dead, that they should be judged, And that You should reward Your servants the prophets and the saints, And those who fear Your name, small and great, And should destroy those who destroy the earth.” 19 Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the ark of His covenant was seen in His temple. And there were lightnings, noises, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.
“The Things Which Must Take Place After This” (4-22) [cont.]Miscellaneous prophecies (12-14) • These prophecies, inserted between the trumpet and bowl judgements, give further background on the time of tribulation. • In chapter 12, a woman (refers to the church or St. Mary) ,who is clothed with the sun (clothed with Christ) and has the moon (relics of the saints their faith and virtues upon which the church stand giving her beauty and glory) under her feet, gives a birth to a male child (refers to our Lord Jesus Christ that the church tries to give birth to in her children), who is caught up to God (refers to His resurrection, ascension, and sitting on the right hand of the Father)before the Dragon (Satan wanted to swallow Him by death but our Lord defeated death) catches him. The woman flees into the wilderness (refers to distancing herself from the world of sin and also refers to ascetic life by which the influence of the materialistic world is nullified) and is pursued by the Dragon. The “fiery red dragon has seven heads and ten horns (power), and seven diadems on his heads. 4 His tail drew a third of the stars of heaven (when Satan fell of grace, he drew with him other angels)”
Revelation chapter 12: 1 to 6 - 'The Woman Clothed with the Sun'
The woman and the dragon (Rev. 12:1-5) The woman and the dragon (Rev. 12:1-5)
