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SSUSH9:

SSUSH9:. Evaluate key events, issues, and individuals related to the Civil War. Before the Standard…. Examine the Photo: Who is the woman? Who are the two men? What is ironic about the picture?.

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SSUSH9:

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  1. SSUSH9: Evaluate key events, issues, and individuals related to the Civil War

  2. Before the Standard…. • Examine the Photo: • Who is the woman? • Who are the two men? • What is ironic about the picture?

  3. a. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output. SSUSH 9

  4. Sectionalism: • Division in a country because of different perspectives, opinions, & ideas • Reasons for sectionalism in the US: 1. economy/industry 2. taxes 3. slavery

  5. Industrialization: • Industry boomed in the Northeast • In the South, a boom in cotton production helped deepen the South’s reliance on slave labor • Because the two different sections of the nation developed differently, this further divided them and complicated politics

  6. The North: • Americans built their own factories in the Northeast (not wanting to rely on Britain); had more access to money • Because of the boom of industry, a middle class emerged • Population increase due to a flood of immigrants (Ireland & Germany); promoted urban growth

  7. The South: • Cotton gin, western expansion, & industrialization all helped to boost cotton production in the South • Cotton gin: saved slavery; made cotton more profitable; helped produce 60% of the nation’s cotton • Plantations dispersed the population; did not attract immigrants • Planters opposed education for slaves & poor whites

  8. b. Discuss Lincoln’s purpose in using emergency powers to suspend habeas corpus, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, and delivering the Gettysburg and Second Inaugural Addresses.

  9. Habeas Corpus: • Many draft rioters & protesters throughout the North & South opposed the war openly • Lincoln viewed any effort to undermine the war as a threat to the nation • Habeas corpus: protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crime • Constitution allows a President to suspend habeas corpus during a national emergency

  10. Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862) • Lincoln suspended this right by empowering the military to arrest anyone suspected of supporting the Confederacy, anyone who criticized the President or war, & anyone who participated in draft riots or protests

  11. Emancipation Proclamation: September 22, 1862 • Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation • The Proclamation: • freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion • did not free the slaves in the border states (states that allowed slavery but did not join the Confederacy) • Did not apply to states that were already under Union control • gave the Union Army another reason to fight: theliberation of slaves • Did not free a single slave

  12. Gettysburg Address • In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery • Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union • http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

  13. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865 • At a time when victory over the states that seceded & the end of the war and slavery was near, Lincoln should have been happy • Instead, Lincoln did not speak of happiness, but of sadness, afraid of what would happen to the US once the war and slavery ended • Unbeknownst to him, John Wilkes Booth, a conspirator involved with his assassination was present in the crowd at the inauguration.

  14. Lincoln: Saint or Sinner? • After all is said and done – how do you feel about Lincoln? • Has your opinion of Lincoln changed in any way? Why or why not? • Do you feel like you’ve been lied to by history? Why or why not?

  15. c. Examine the influences of Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.

  16. The Civil War (1861-1865) • The Civil War starts: • With increased tension between the North and the South (Slavery and sectionalism issues) • South Carolina secedes from the Union in December 1860 after Lincoln is elected President • By June 1861, ten Southern states had seceded • Many of the early battles were Union losses, or fought to a draw

  17. Jefferson Davis • Was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) • Appointed Robert E. Lee commander of Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 • Captured in Georgia, in 1865

  18. https://www.biography.com/video/jefferson-davis-mini-biography-46707779761https://www.biography.com/video/jefferson-davis-mini-biography-46707779761

  19. Ulysses Grant (Union-North) • Had early success fighting in the west (TN, LA, MS) • Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the Union control of the Mississippi River • Lincoln promoted him to commander of the entire Union Army in 1864 • Fights Lee in a series of battles ending in Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865

  20. Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South) • Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy: was against slavery but didn’t want to fight against the South • Named commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 • Lee invades Maryland (1862) and loses a major battle at Antietam, forcing him to retreat back into Virginia • After two major victories against the Union, Lee again decided to invade the North, this time into Gettysburg (PA) where he lost a 3 day battle to the Union: after the loss, Confederate forces had to remain on the defensive for the rest of the war

  21. https://www.biography.com/video/robert-e-lee-mini-biography-46706755958https://www.biography.com/video/robert-e-lee-mini-biography-46706755958

  22. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson(Confederacy-South) • Played a major role in defeating the Union Army at the first major battle of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss at Bull Run made the Union realize that it would be a prolonged war • Fought with Lee at Antietam • Helped defeat the Union Army at Fredericksburg (1862) and Chancellorsville (1863) • Was accidently shot at night by his own men at Chancellorsville and died 8 days later

  23. https://www.biography.com/video/stonewall-jackson-there-sits-jackson-2080100911https://www.biography.com/video/stonewall-jackson-there-sits-jackson-2080100911

  24. William Sherman (Union-North) • Fought with Grant at Vicksburg • Named Union Commander of the West (1864) • Attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in the fall of 1864 • The victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864

  25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlMYmJE289w

  26. Writing-To-Win: Imagine if the South had won the Civil War. What would life be like today? How would it have affected our country presently? How would things be different or stay the same? Minimum of 2 paragraphs! Be ready to share your response!

  27. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta, as well as the impact of geography on these battles. SSUSH 9

  28. Major Battles of the Civil War

  29. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC • April 12-14, 1861 • Lincoln will not evacuate or send the Navy to defend, but sends supplies to the fort, or as he said, “food for hungry men”. • The Union refused to surrender the fort and Jefferson Davis orders Southern troops to bombard it. • This battle started the Civil War

  30. Antietam: September 1862 • Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men • The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded) • Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia • The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

  31. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863 • Lee again decided to invade the North in hopes that the North would settle for peace • On July 2nd, Lee ordered anattack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” on the Union forces • The South loses 7,000 menin under 30 minutes offighting Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked the North? What were the results?

  32. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863 • Lee retreated from the battlefield on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force • The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight Why do you think Gettysburg is considered the turning point of the war?

  33. Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863 • By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River • Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment • The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

  34. Battle for Atlanta: August 1864 • Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South • He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value • Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

  35. Civil War Ends: • April 09, 1865: Lee formally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia • Why the North won: -greater technological advances -larger population -more abundant resources -good military leaders -South used up its resources

  36. Northern and Southern Resources

  37. Effects on Economy: • North: -industry boomed -factories underwent industrialization helping US become a global world power • South: -many cities lay in ruins -railroads & factories ruined -had to rely on Northern investments -agriculture still main focus

  38. Checkpoint Questions: • DO NOT WRITE QUESTIONS! • Pg. 381 (1) • Pg. 385 (1) • Pg. 387 (1)

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