1 / 30

W in DS-H2 MODEL W ind D eployment S ystems H ydrogen Model

NREL  1617 Cole Boulevard  Golden, Colorado 80401-3393  (303) 275-3000 Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute  Battelle  Bechtel. W in DS-H2 MODEL W ind D eployment S ystems H ydrogen Model.

Download Presentation

W in DS-H2 MODEL W ind D eployment S ystems H ydrogen Model

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. NREL  1617 Cole Boulevard  Golden, Colorado 80401-3393  (303) 275-3000 Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute  Battelle  Bechtel WinDS-H2 MODELWind Deployment Systems Hydrogen Model Workshop on Electrolysis Production of Hydrogen from Wind and Hydropower Walter Short Nate Blair September 9, 2003

  2. Presentation Contents • Background • Representation of wind in WinDS • Representation of hydrogen in WinDS-H2 • Questions that WinDS-H2 might answer • System configuration • Factors considered/Assumptions/Control strategy • Preliminary results • Conclusions • Additional Modeling Required

  3. Background/Status • Initial WinDS model did not include H2 • Under development since 2002 • First results for wind electricity only available in May 2003 • WinDS-H2 development began in June 2003 • Initial version does not consider sources of H2 other than wind • Have a few preliminary results today • Seeking your input on how to improve our current approach

  4. WinDS Model • A multi-regional, multi-time-period model of capacity expansion in the electric sector of the U.S • Designed to estimate market potential of wind energy in the U.S. for the next 20 – 50 years under different technology development and policy scenarios

  5. WinDS is Designed to Address the Principal Market Issues for Wind • Access to and cost of transmission • Class 4 close to the load or class 6 far away? • How much wind can be transmitted on existing lines? • Will wind penetrate the market if it must cover the cost of new transmission lines? • Intermittency • How does wind capacity credit change with penetration? • How do ancillary service requirements that increase non-linearly with market penetration impact wind viability • How much would dispersal of wind sites help?

  6. WinDS Addresses These Issues Through: • Many wind supply and demand regions • Constraints on existing transmission available to wind • Explicit accounting for regulation and operating reserves, wind oversupply, and for wind capacity value as a function of the amount and dispersion of wind installations • Tracking individual wind installations by supply/demand region, wind class and transmission line vintage

  7. General Characteristics of WinDS • Linear program optimization (cost minimization) for each of 25 two-year periods from 2000 to 2050 • Sixteen time slices in each year: 4 daily and 4 seasons • 4 levels of regions – wind supply/demand, power control areas, NERC areas, Interconnection areas • 4 wind classes (3-6), wind on existing AC lines and wind on new transmission lines • Other generation technologies – hydro, gas CT, gas CC, 4 coal technologies, nuclear, gas/oil steam

  8. WinDS Regions

  9. Updated Wind Resources with Fewer Land-Use Exclusions

  10. Transmission in WinDS

  11. Wind Intermittency in WinDS • Constraints • Capacity credit to reserve margin requirement • Operating reserve • Surplus wind • Probabilistic treatment • Explicitly accounts for correlation between wind sites • Updated values between periods

  12. Wind Contribution to Reserve Margin • Uses LOLP to estimate the additional load (ELCC) that can be met by the next increment of wind

  13. Operating Reserve Constraint • Ensures adequate spinning reserve, quick-start capacity and interruptible load are available to meet normal requirements plus those imposed by wind

  14. Surplus Wind

  15. Wind Costs • Cost and performance vary by wind class, and over time according to user inputs or with learning • PTC or ITC with start/stop dates, term, rate • Capital cost can increase with rough terrain • Price penalty on capital costs for rapid national and regional growth • Financing explicitly accounted for • Transmission costs – • Existing lines: $/kWh/mile or postage stamp • New lines: $/kW/mile; penalties for rough terrain and dense population

  16. Conventional Technology Constraints Planned Outages Forced Outages Reserve Margin Operating reserve Load Imports Exports

  17. Hydroelectricity in WinDS • No capacity expansion allowed • Retirements – both scheduled and unscheduled • Generation constrained by water availability (set to average over last 5 years) • Dispatched as needed for peaking power • Not constrained by irrigation, recreation, environmental considerations, etc.

  18. WinDS-H2 • Modified form of the WinDS model that includes the on-site use of wind generated electricity to produce H2 through electrolysis • Status: • Initial version under development • Selected preliminary results available today • Seeking your comments

  19. Questions WinDS-H2 Can Help Answer • What is the market potential for H2 from wind – nationally? Regionally? • What improvements are required in electrolyzers, storage, fuel cells and H2 transport to make wind-H2 competitive? • Does the possibility of H2 production from wind increase the potential of wind power? • What will be the principal use of H2 from wind - H2 fuel or fuel-cell-firming of wind? • Will local H2-fuel demand spur much wind-H2?

  20. Wind-H2 System Configuration Transmission to Grid Fuel cell H2 Storage Electrolyzer Compressor H2-fuel transport

  21. H2 Factors Considered by WinDS-H2 • H2 and fuel cells: • Fuel cells contribute 100% to reserve margin • Higher transmission line capacity factor • Fuel cells contribute 100% to operating reserves • Reduction in surplus wind • H2 transportation fuel production • Transportation cost • Local vs remote transportation fuel demand

  22. Major Assumptions in WinDS-H2 • Only new wind farms have the option to produce H2, because: • Power purchase agreements • Wind turbine and power controls • Transmission requirements • There is a market for H2 fuel at a fixed price • Market size varies with region • Fuel cells used only to fill-in behind wind

  23. Control Strategy Summary • The fraction of each wind farm’s capacity dedicated to H2 production is the same from one year to the next • The fractions of H2 sent to the fuel cell and sold as fuel are the same from one year to the next for each wind farm • Size H2 storage for daily peak load use of H2 in fuel cell • Generate with the fuel cell only during daily peak load period to firm up the wind generation • Use fuel cell generation to provide operating reserve as required • Use electrolyzers to reduce/eliminate surplus wind generation

  24. Base Case H2 Inputs

  25. Base Case Capacity Results

  26. Base Case H2 Inputs (cont’d) • Price of H2 fuel = $2.50/kg • Maximum regional demand for H2 fuel = 5 million kg

  27. H2 Fuel Production Sensitivity

  28. Sensitivity to H2 Component Capital Costs

  29. PreliminaryConclusions • H2 can be modeled in the WinDS model • H2 from wind can be attractive at reasonable electrolyzer and fuel cell cost and performance • Wind market penetration may be increased if the cost and performance of the electrolysis-fuel cell cycle can be improved

  30. Additional Modeling Required • Refine existing WinDS-H2 model • Implement consensus suggestions from this workshop – both data and model • Include competitive sources of H2 • Distributed electrolysis • Natural gas SMR • Biomass • Hydroelectricity

More Related