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Axial Skeleton - Ribs

Axial Skeleton - Ribs. Function Protection Respiration Phylogeny - new Endochondral. Ribs. Dorsal ribs separate dorsal and ventral muscle mass Ventral ribs are in the body wall. Ribs. Monocipital (snakes & monotremes) Bicipital Dorsal head = tuberculum Ventral head = capitulum. Ribs.

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Axial Skeleton - Ribs

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  1. Axial Skeleton - Ribs • Function • Protection • Respiration • Phylogeny - new • Endochondral

  2. Ribs • Dorsal ribs separate dorsal and ventral muscle mass • Ventral ribs are in the body wall

  3. Ribs • Monocipital (snakes & monotremes) • Bicipital • Dorsal head = tuberculum • Ventral head = capitulum

  4. Ribs • Costal = vertebral ribs • Sternal = costal cartilage

  5. Ribs - Fish • Some have no ribs • Some have dorsal ribs only (sharks) • Some have ventral ribs • Some have dorsal & ventral ribs

  6. Ribs - Amphibians • Short in anurans and urodeles • Long in apodans

  7. Ribs - Reptiles • Typically short in neck and long in trunk • Turtles – fused to carapace • Snakes – long and curved • Crocodiles – Gastralia are NOT ribs

  8. Turtle skeleton Carapace Fused vertebrae Ribs Plastron

  9. Ribs - Birds • Costal & Sternal Ribs • Uncinate Processes for muscle attachment

  10. Ribs - Mammals • Thoracic (12 in human, 13 in cat) • True rib • False rib • Floating rib

  11. Sternum • Needed for stronger & more mobile forelimbs • Tetrapod feature only • Function – protection, strengthens body wall, attaches muscles, rib attachment • Endochondral bone

  12. Sternum - amphibians • Frogs & toads – ossified, but poor • Urodeles – flimsy if present • Caecilians - none

  13. Sternum - reptiles • Lizards – large • Crocodiles – large cartilaginous plate • Snakes – none • Turtles – none needed

  14. Sternum - birds • Keel • Carina • For muscle attachment

  15. Sternum - Mammal • Segments • Xiphoid process is caudal-most segment

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