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Linux

Linux. Presentation by Amanda Harris. The Basics . Developed by GNU Project, Linus Torvalds, … 71% of code written in C, but many other languages were also used Programmable in most languages Similar to Unix Free software Graphical and command-line interface. Background.

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Linux

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  1. Linux Presentation by Amanda Harris

  2. The Basics • Developed by GNU Project, Linus Torvalds, … • 71% of code written in C, but many other languages were also used • Programmable in most languages • Similar to Unix • Free software • Graphical and command-line interface

  3. Background • Development began in 1991 • Developed by Finnish student, Linus Torvalds • Early on, source code was available for free on the Internet • Resulted in a collaboration of many users all over the world • The kernel itself is 2.4 million lines of code

  4. LinusTorvalds

  5. LinusTorvalds • Born December 28, 1969 • Recognized in Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world • Finnish software engineer and hacker • Freex • Initiated development and became chief architect of Linux kernel • Holds authority over what new code is used • As of 2006, has written 2% of Linux kernel

  6. Development of Linux

  7. Development • May 14, 1991 • The first Linux kernel, Version 0.01, was released • March 14, 1994 • Next version, Linux 1.0, was released • March 1995 • Linux 1.2 was released

  8. Development • June 1996 • Linux 2.0 was released • January 1999 • Linux 2.2 was released • January 2001 • Linux 2.4 was released • December 2003 • Linux 2.6 was released

  9. Components • Kernel • System libraries • System utilities

  10. Interesting Facts • Torvalds has said that had the GNU kernel or 386BSD been available in 1991, he never would have created Linux. • MINIX was a free Unix-like OS designed for computer science education • Torvalds began to work on his own operating system due to being frustrated with MINIX’s educational-purposes-only licensing • Torvalds licensed Linux under GNU GPL to make it free for commercial use. • The GNU components made it a fully functional OS

  11. Linux Today

  12. Today • Linux distributions include Linux kernel as well as supporting utilities and libraries • Linux distributions are used everywhere from embedded systems to supercomputers • Relies on donations to keep the distributions coming • Use in home and enterprise desktops has been growing • Now includes non-GNU components

  13. Today • China uses Linux exclusively for its Loongson processor family • Brazil, Russia, the Indian state Kerala, and Spain have all created their own distributions • Torvalds still directs development of the kernel • http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Linux-Distribution-Releases-to-Watch-in-2011-383910/

  14. Details • As of today, Linux supports many programming languages • Provides compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, Fortran, … • Current distributions can compete with Microsoft and Mac, however they can be hard to use for people who are unfamiliar with computers • One of the new distributions (Debian GNU/Linux 4.0) has about 283 million lines of code • There are over 300 distributions that are actively developed, and about a dozen are most popular for general-purpose use

  15. Significance

  16. Significance • Leading server operating system • Runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world • One of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration • Distribution driven by developer as well as user communities

  17. Significance • Since February 2010, Linux distributions represent six of the top ten most reliable internet hosting companies. • Since November 2010, Linux operating system distributions are run on 459 of the top 500 supercomputers. • Including the world’s most powerful, IBM’s Sequoia

  18. Linux versus Windows

  19. Linux vs. Windows • Flexible GUI • From Ubuntu, Red Hat, Linspire, … • Small changes between distributions • Free • Difficult to install if an OS already exists • GUI component of OS • All from Microsoft • Sometimes new editions are upgrades, others complete changes • Expensive • Easy to install Linux Windows

  20. Random • Vista drove a lot of people to Linux, if they didn’t stick with XP • Windows gained popularity by being cheaper than Mac. Linux is cheaper than Windows… • Linux requires passwords, whereas you can get away without passwords in Windows • No .exe files, no Internet Explorer, no Registry, not as common

  21. Sources • Operating Systems Concepts Essentials • Chapter 15 • Wikipedia • Linux • Linux Kernel • Linus Torvalds • PC Magazine • Linux vs. Windows

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