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America At War

America At War. End of isolationism. Totalitarian- a government that exerts total power over its citizens; citizens have limited rights; the govt. suppresses opposition; controlled by a dictator with military support. Dictators. Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel” (USSR)– Communist Party.

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America At War

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  1. America At War End of isolationism

  2. Totalitarian- a government that exerts total power over its citizens; citizens have limited rights; the govt. suppresses opposition; controlled by a dictator with military support.

  3. Dictators • Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel” (USSR)– Communist Party. • Goals: Industrial Growth (hurt agriculture), and Maintain power through purges. • Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce” of Italy – Fascist (extreme nationalism). • Supported by Black Shirts. • Goals: Fix economy, unemployment, and fight Communism

  4. Dictators • Hideki Tojo: Prime Minister of Japan • Goals: More living space, start with Manchuria • Francisco Franco (Spain): Leader of the Nationalists in the Civil War • Aided by Germany and Italy who wanted to Test their new weapons and strategies. • Remained Neutral in WW2

  5. Dictators • Adolf Hitler “Der Fuhrer” of Germany – Leader of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis). • Nazism - extreme nationalism and racism • Goals as set out by Mein Kampf – • Unite German speaking people in the new German Empire AKA “3rdReich” • Racial Purification • “Lebensraum” or living space for this new “Master Race:

  6. Problems in Europe • Germany improves Economy through military. • Hitler’s Plan: • Rearm the Rhineland – Breaking the Treaty of Versailles. • France does nothing • Anschluss – Union with Austria a predominately German-Speaking Country • League of Nations response - Nothing

  7. Problems in Europe • Germany turns to Sudetenland – In Czechoslovakia. • Large group of German Speaking people • Charged the Czechs with abuse of the Germans in the country and invaded. • Through Britain and France promised to protect Czechoslovakia they instead signed the Munich Agreement which gave the Sudeten Land to Germany on September 30, 1938. • “Last Territorial Demand” • Winston Churchill charged Neville Chamberlain with “Appeasement” or satisfying an aggressor.

  8. Problems in Europe • March 15, 1939 – the Rest of Czechoslovakia falls • September 1, 1939 using Blitzkrieg (“Lightning War”) Poland is Invaded. • Britain and France declare war – beginning of WW2. • USSR surprised world with Nonaggression Pact.

  9. WW2 • Britain and France – Allies • USSR and US will join later. • Germany, Italy, and Japan – Axis • Germany will conquer a majority of Europe by 1942 (with the exception of Great Britain). • France falls in 1940 and is split into Axis controlled North and Vichy South (puppet Government).

  10. American Response • America feared the growing Axis Powers • Germany, Italy, and Japan • Neutrality Act (1935-1937) • 1. Outlawed the sale of weapons to nations at war. • Outlawed giving money to nations at war. • Extended the ban to nations in civil war. • With the exception of China • Cash and Carry Policy 1939 • Allowed warring Nations to buy arms, as long as they paid cash AND transported it themselves. • US = the “Great arsenal of democracy” • Lend and Lease Act 1940 • Allowed the US to lend and lease arms to any nation whose safety was vital to US security. • Britain was running out of money; failure of cash and carry policy.

  11. US Goals • Atlantic Charter • Pledge between US (FDR) and Britain (Winston Churchill) • Collective Security • Disarmament • Self-Determination • Economic Cooperation • Freedom of the Seas

  12. US enters the War • Pearl Harbor • Hawaiian naval base was attacked by the Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941. • 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 wounded • 21 ships, including 8 battleships, destroyed • 300 aircrafts destroyed • US declare war the next day. • “A day that will live in infamy”

  13. Major Battles of Europe • It was decided to finish the war in Europe first. • Battle of the Atlantic • Germans sinking American vessels • Adopted the Convoy System after heavy losses. • Battle of Stalingrad (1942) • Germans started fighting USSR in 1941 • Stopped fighting by winter – and resumed again in summer • Stalin ordered the city to defended at all costs • The winter of 1942 saved the city • 1,100,000 USSR soldiers died

  14. Major Battles • North Africa: Operation Torch 1942 • Led By Dwight D. Eisenhower • 107,000 US troops landed in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers • Fighting ended in May 1943 • Battle for Italy: • Casablanca Conference major leaders decided to take Italy (to win war needed unconditional surrender). • Took Sicily in summer of 1943 • At the collapse of army the government forced Mussolini to surrender • July 25, 1943 King Victor Emmanuel – stripped Mussolini of his power.

  15. D-Day • June 6, 1944 – over 3 million troops landed on the beaches of Normandy after crossing the channel. • 7 day battle • Victory for allies • Largest land invasion in history • By September France, Belgium, and Luxemburg were liberated.

  16. End Game • Battle of Bulge: • Month long battle – Victory for Allies • Last push of the Germans – they broke through weak American Defenses/ • Germans lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and assault guns, 1,600 planes • USSR liberate first death Camp in July 1944. • Berlin was stormed on April 25, 1945 by USSR. • April 29, 1945 Hitler marries Eva Braun and the next day they commit suicide. • V-E Day “Victory in Europe” – May 8, 1945. • Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 – VP Harry Truman finished the war.

  17. Asian War • Douglas MacArthur in charge of allied forced in December 1941. • Philippines was invaded and he was ordered off the island, but vowed to return. • Spring 1942 – Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led raids on Japanese cities. • Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942): stopped the Japanese from attacking Australia

  18. Major Battles • Battle of Midway (June 3, 1942): Japan was trying to capture Midway. • Americans caught the attack and dealt a devastating blow to the Japanese. • Led by Admiral Chester Nimtz • Avenging Pearl Harbor • Began “Island Hopping” – taking Japanese controlled islands.

  19. Major Battles • Iwo Jima: Sulfur island – perfect launching point for Japan. • 6,000 marines died taking the island • 20,700 Japanese fighting on Island – 200 survived • Battle for Okinawa. • April 1945 battle began – lasted until June 21, 1945 • 7,600 Americans died • 110,000 Japanese died.

  20. End of War • Manhattan Project: • J. Robert Oppenheimer • Nuclear missles • First Test on July 19, 1945 in New Mexico • August 6 – B-29 plane named Enola Gay released the atomic bomb “Little boy” over Hiroshima. • Nagasaki was hit by “fat man” 3 days later • Hundreds of thousands killed • Save the lives of American soldiers. • Japan surrendered on September 2nd.

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