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Section 2-4 & 2-5 “Chemical Reactions & Enzymes ”

Section 2-4 & 2-5 “Chemical Reactions & Enzymes ”. Write everything that is underlined. California State Standards.

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Section 2-4 & 2-5 “Chemical Reactions & Enzymes ”

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  1. Section 2-4 & 2-5“Chemical Reactions & Enzymes” Write everything that isunderlined

  2. California State Standards • The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: • Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings

  3. Section 2-4 KEY CONCEPT: Life depends on chemical reactions.

  4. Bonds break and form during chemical reactions • Chemical reactions change substances into different ones by breaking and forming chemical bonds • Reactants are changed during a chemical reaction (the starting chemicals) • Products are made by a chemical reaction

  5. Chemical reactions release or absorb energy. • Activation energy is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

  6. Exothermic reactions release energy

  7. Endothermic reactions absorb (use) energy

  8. Section 2-5 KEY CONCEPT:Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

  9. I. Catalysts1. A catalyst lowers activation energy. • Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions. • decrease activation energy • increase reaction rate

  10. II. Enzymes A. Enzymes are catalysts in living things. • Enzymes are needed for almost all processes • Most enzymes are proteins.

  11. B. Homeostasis disruptions can prevent enzymes from functioning. • Definition: • Homeostasis: Regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism. • Enzymes function best in a small range of conditions. • Changes in temperature and pH can break hydrogen bonds. • C. An enzyme’s function depends on its structure.

  12. substrates (reactants) enzyme • An enzyme’s structure allows only certain reactants to bind to the enzyme. Substrates bind to an enzyme on its active sites

  13. Substrates bind to anenzyme at certain places called active sites. The enzyme bringssubstrates together and weakens their bonds. The catalyzed reaction formsa product that is releasedfrom the enzyme. The lock-and-key model helps illustrate how enzymes function • substrates brought together • bonds in substrates weakened

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