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MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION. DEFINITION. PROCESS OF MOTIVATON. KINDS OF MOTIVES PRIMARY SECONDARY GENERAL 4. THEORIES OF MOTIVATON. MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY ALDERFERS’ ERG THEORY HERZBERGS’ TWO FACTOR THEORY. ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY. MOTIVATION. “THE SET OF PROCESSES THAT AROUSE, DIRECT AND

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MOTIVATION

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  1. MOTIVATION • DEFINITION. • PROCESS OF MOTIVATON. • KINDS OF MOTIVES • PRIMARY • SECONDARY • GENERAL • 4. THEORIES OF MOTIVATON. • MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY • ALDERFERS’ ERG THEORY • HERZBERGS’ TWO FACTOR THEORY. • ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY

  2. MOTIVATION “THE SET OF PROCESSES THAT AROUSE, DIRECT AND MAINTAIN HUMAN BEHAVIOR TOWARD ATTAINING SOME GOAL” JERALD GREENBERG. “MOTIVATION IS A PROCESS THAT STARTS WITH A PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY(NEED) THAT ACTIVATES A BEHAVIOR(DRIVE), THAT IS AIMED AT A GOAL(INCENTIVE)” FRED LUTHANS “MOTIVATION IS THE SET OF FORCES THAT LEAD PEOPLE TO BEHAVE IN A PARTICULAR WAYS” GRIFFIN “THE PROCESSES THAT ACCOUNT FOR AN INDIVIDUALS’ INTENSITY, DIRECTION, & PERSISTEANCE OF EFFORT TOWARD ATTAINING A GOAL” ROBBINS.

  3. NEED WANT SATISFACTION CHAIN NEED GIVE RISE TO WANTS WHICH CAUSE TENSIOIN WHICH GIVE RISE TO WHICH RESULT IN ACTIONS SATISFACTION

  4. MOTIVES • PRIMARY MOTIVES • UNLEARNED • PHYSIOLOGICALLY • BASED • GENERAL MOTIVES • UNLEARNED • NOT PHYSIOLOGICALLY • BASED • SECONDARY MOTIVES • LEARNED • NOT PHYSIOLOGICALLY • BASED • HUNGER • THIRST • SLEEP • COMPETENCE • CURIOSITY • MANIPULATION • ACTIVITY • AFFECTION • POWER • ACHIEVEMENT • AFFILIATION • SECURITY • STATUS

  5. EXAMPLES OF KEY SECONDARY NEEDS NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT • DOING BETTER THAN COMPETITORS • ATTAINING OR SURPASSING A DIFFICULT GOAL. • SOLVING A COMPLEX PROBLEM • CARRYING OUT A CHALLENGING ASSIGNMENTS SUCCESSFULLY. • DEVELOPING A BETTER WAY TO DO SOMETHING NEED FOR POWER • INFLUENCING PEOPLE TO CHANGE THEIR ATTITUDES OR BEHAIVOR • CONTROLLING PEOPLE AND ACTIVITIES • BEING IN POSITION OF AUTHORITY OVER OTHERS • GAINING CONTROL OVER INFORMATION AND RESOURCES. • DEFEATING AN OPPONENT. NEED FOR AFFILIATION • BEING LIKED BY MANY PEOPLE • BEING ACCEPTED AS PART OF A GROUP OR TEAM. • WORKING WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE FRIENDLY AND COOPERATIVE • MAINTAINING HARMONIOUS RELATIONSHIPS AND AVOIDING CONFLICTS • PARTICIPATING IN PLEASANT SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

  6. EXAMPLES OF KEY SECONDARY NEEDS NEED FOR SECURITY • HAVING A SECURE JOB • BEING PROTECTED AGAINST A LOSS OF INCOME OR ECONOMIC DISASTER • HAVING PROTECTION AGAINST ILLNESS AND DISABILITY • BEING PROTECTED AGAINST PHYSCIAL HARM. • AVOIDING TASKS OR DECISIONS WITH A RISK OF FAILURE AND BLAME NEED FOR STATUS • HAVING A RIGHT CAR AND WEARING THE RIGHT CLOTHES • WORKING FOR THE RIGHT COMAPNAY IN RIGHT JOB • HAVING DEGREE FROM THE RIGHT UNIVERSITY • HAVING EXTENSIVE PRIVILEGES

  7. MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY SATISFACTION PROGRESSION SELF- ACTUALIZATION NEEDS SATISFACTION PROGRESSION ESTEEM NEEDS SATISFACTION PROGRESSION BELONGINGNESS NEEDS SATISFACTION PROGRESSION SECURITY NEEDS SATISFACTION PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

  8. MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY NEEDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES THE NEED TO REALIZE ONE’S FULL POTENTIAL AS A HUMAN BEING BY GIVING PEOPLE THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE THEIR SKILLS & ABILITIES TO FULLEST EXTENT . SELF- ACTUALIZATION NEEDS THE NEEDS TO FEEL GOOD ABOUT ONESELF & ONE’S CAPABILITIES, TO BE RESPECTED BY OTHERS & TO RECEIVE RECOGNITION BY GRANTING PROMOTIONS & RECOGNIZING ACCOMPLISHMENTS ESTEEM NEEDS BELONGINGNESS NEEDS NEED FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION, AFFECTION, FREINDSHIP AND LOVE BY PROMOTING GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. COMPANY PICNICS, AND HOLIDAY PARTIES . SAFETY NEEDS NEEDS FOR STABILITY, SECURITY AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT JOB SECURITY, MEDICAL BENEFITS, SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS NEEDS FOR FOOD, WATER &SHELTER THAT MUST BE MET FOR A PERSON TO SURVIVE BY PROVIDING A LEVEL OF PAY THAT ENABLES A PERSON TO BUY FOOD AND CLOTHING AND HOUSING PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

  9. ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY NEEDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES HIGH LEVEL THE NEEDS FOR SELF- DEVELOPMENT, CREATIVE & PRODUCTIVE WORK GROWTH NEEDS BY ALLOWING PEOPLE TO CONTINUALLY IMPROVE THEIR SKILLS & ABILITIES & ENGAGE IN MEANINGFUL WORK. RELATEDNESS NEEDS BY PROMOTING GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. & BY PROVIDING ACCURATE FEEDBACK THE NEEDS TO HAVE GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, TO SHARE THOUGHTS & FEELINGS AND TO HAVE OPEN TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION BASIC NEEDS FOR FOOD, WATER, CLOTHING, SHELTER AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT EXISTENCE NEEDS BY PROMOTING ENOUGH PAY TO PROVIDE FOR THE BASIC NECESSITIES OF LIFE & SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS LOW LEVEL AS LOWER LEVEL NEEDS ARE SATISFIED, APERSON IS MOTIVATED TO SATISFY HIGH- LEVEL NEEDS, WHEN A PERSON IS UNABLE TO SATISFY HIGHER-LEVEL NEEDS(OR IS FRUSTRATED) MOTIVATION TO SATISFY LOWER-LEVEL NEEDS INCREASES

  10. HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY SATISFACTION DISSATISFACTION TRADITIONAL VIEW SATISFACTION NO SATISFACTION HERZBERGS’ VIEW DISSATISFACTION NO DISSATISFACTION HERZBERGS’ VIEW

  11. HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY MOTIVATORS SATISFACTION ACHIEVEMENT RECOGNITION THE WORK ITSELF RESPONSIBILITY ANDVANCEMENT/ GROWTH NO SATISFACTION/NO DISSATISFACTION SUPERVISION WORKING CONDITIONS PAY JOB SECURITY COMPANY POLICY INTERPERSONAL RE- LATIONSHIP DISSATISFACTION DISSATISFIERS

  12. ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY DISSATISFACTION REDUCED OUTPUT DEPARTURE FROM ORGANIZATION INEQUITABLE REWARD CONTINUATION AT SAME LEVEL OF OUTPUT BALANCE OR IMBALANCE OF REWARDS EQUITABLE REWARD HARDER WORK DISCOUNT REWARD MORE THAN EQUITABLE REWARD

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