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Multiple Alleles

Multiple Alleles. Blood Types. A, B, O Blood Type System. Multiple alleles – more than two alleles control a trait Example – Human Blood Types. A, B, O System Alleles are either A, B, or O Blood types can be A, B, AB, or O

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Multiple Alleles

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  1. Multiple Alleles Blood Types

  2. A, B, O Blood Type System • Multiple alleles – more than two alleles control a trait • Example – Human Blood Types • A, B, O System • Alleles are either A, B, or O • Blood types can be A, B, AB, or O • Blood type is determined by the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell

  3. Antigens and Antibodies • Antigens – stimulates an immune response when a foreign substance enters the body • Antigens produce antibodies • Antibodies are like “soldiers,” they destroy foreign substances

  4. Blood Types

  5. Donors and Recipients • Which blood type(s) can A, B, AB, and O receive? • Which blood type(s) can A, B, AB, and O donate to?

  6. Most/Least Common Blood type • Most Common Blood type O A B AB • Least Common Blood type

  7. Rh System • Rh is an antigen that is sometimes present on the surface of red blood cells • 85% of the United States population is Rh positive (Rh+). • This means that they carry the Rh antigen • People who do not have the Rh antigen are called Rh negative (Rh-) • Called the Rh factor • Named after the rhesus monkey in which it was first discovered • Rh+ is dominant over Rh-

  8. People who are Rh- CANNOT receive blood from a person who is Rh+! • If an Rh- person receives a transfusion that is Rh+ • the Rh- person will make antibodies against the Rh+ blood • The antibodies will react with the antigens of the Rh+ blood and the two blood types will clump • This clumping is called AGGLUTINATION

  9. Rh and Pregnancy • If mom is Rh- and dad is Rh+ = baby will be Rh+ • During delivery baby’s blood may get into mom’s bloodstream and she will make antibodies against the Rh+ blood • If she gets pregnant again her antibodies against Rh+ blood can cross her placenta and attack baby #2 Rh+ blood

  10. Practice- copy in your notes =) • If one parent has type O blood and the other parent has type AB, what are the possible blood types the offspring could have? • O O • A • B

  11. If both parents are rH+ , is it possible to have a child that is rH- ???

  12. If both parents are type AB, what are the possible blood types of the offspring?

  13. If one parent is type A and the other parent is type AB, what is the chance of having a child with AB?

  14. If one parent is type A and the other parent is type B is it possible for them to have an AB child?

  15. If one parent is A and the other parent is B, is it possible for them to have a child with type O?

  16. If one parent is type A and rH+ and the other parent is B and rH+ is it possible to have a child that is type AB and rh- ? Hint, do your Punnett squares separately!

  17. If one parent is type AB and rH+ and the other parent is AB and rH+, what is the chance of having a child that is type B and rH-? • Hint, both parents are heterozygous for rH factor.

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