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Guided Notes on Introduction to Science

Guided Notes on Introduction to Science. Pages 11-19 in Earth Science Book. A scientific method is a planned, organized approach to solving a problem. List the steps in the scientific method:. 1. Identifying the problem. 2. Researching the problem. 3. A hypothesis is made

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Guided Notes on Introduction to Science

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  1. Guided Notes on Introduction to Science Pages 11-19 in Earth Science Book

  2. A scientific method is a planned, organized approach to solving a problem.

  3. List the steps in the scientific method: 1. Identifying the problem

  4. 2. Researching the problem

  5. 3. A hypothesis is made * A hypothesis is an explanation for an observation in nature. It is not an educated guess. Scientists do not just make a “guess”.

  6. 4. Hypothesis is tested by conducting an experiment.

  7. All data are carefully recorded.

  8. 6. Data must be formatted so that it can be analyzed.

  9. 7. A conclusion is drawn.

  10. A good experiment tests only one variable or changeable factor at a time.

  11. Define the 3 bold print words from page 12 • Independent variable: the factor manipulated by the experimenter.

  12. Dependent variable: a factor that can change if the independent variable is changed

  13. Control: shows that the results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested.

  14. Sometimes, during the process of investigating one problem, an experimenter might encounter a different problem and choose to pursue the new problem.

  15. A measurement includes both a number that identifies how many units of measure there are, and the unit itself.

  16. Define and describe the standard system of units for measurement • Systeme Internationale d’ Unites: also known as the modern metric system. It uses the number 10 as the base unit. Abbreviated as SI

  17. In the chart below, define and give the standard SI unit(s) for these measurements:Length • Definition: distance between 2 points • SI Unit: meter

  18. Weight • Definition: gravitational force on an object • SI Unit: Newton

  19. Mass • Definition: amount of matter in an object • SI Unit: Kilogram

  20. Area • Definition: amount of surface in a set of boundaries • SI Unit: Square Meters

  21. Volume • Definition: amount of space occupied by an object • SI Unit: cubic meter

  22. Density • Definition: amount of matter that occupies a given space • SI Unit: Grams per cubic centimeter

  23. Time • Definition: interval between 2 events • SI Unit: Second

  24. Temperature • Definition: Average vibrations of the particles that make up a material • SI Unit: °C/Kelvin

  25. Explain why scientific notation is used and how it works • To conveniently express very large or very small numbers • A number is expressed as a number between 1 and 10 and multiplied by a power of 10

  26. Why do scientists communicate their results with others? • It allows others to learn of new discoveries, verify results, and conduct further experiments.

  27. What is the purpose of a student lab report? • To demonstrate to the teacher your understanding of the experiments or to compare your results with other students

  28. Define THEORY and LAW and state how they differ from each other • Theory- explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments (the simplest explanation) • Law- a basic fact that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon even if the cause is unknown • Theories are often used to explain laws

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