MAKING CITIES SAFER A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

1. MAKING CITIES SAFERA PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Col (Retd) A Chitkara Group Security Officer Mahindra & Mahindra

2. The Magnitude of the Problem Mumbai • World's 4th largest urban agglomeration, with around 19 million people. • Area of 603.4 km2 • Population density about 22,000 persons per square kilometre. • 89 police stations • Police forces approx 40,000 all ranks

3. …The Magnitude of the Problem • 14 March 2003 - Bomb in a train in Mulund killing 10 • 28 July 2003 - Bomb in a bus in Ghatkopar killing 4 • 25 August 2003 - Two Bombs in cars near the Gateway of India and Zaveri Bazaar killing 50 • 11 July 2006 - Series of seven bombs in trains killing 209 • 12 March 1993 - 13 bombs -killing 257 • 6 December 2002 - Bomb in a bus in Ghatkopar killing 2 • 27 January 2003 - Bomb on a bicycle in Vile Parle killing 1 • 26 November 2008 to 29 November 2008 – Fire assault killing at least 172.

4. …The Magnitude of the Problem • India will continue to face a serious jihadi terrorist threat from pakistan-based terrorist groups • Extremist movements in the east moving westwards • The actions of such groups will inspire and instruct other extremist factions in india. • Neither Indian nor any other country’s policy is likely to be able to reduce the threat significantly in the short to medium term. • All this indicates that most likely, the threat will continue to grow

5. Aim Of The Terrorist • Create disruption between different elements of society • Resentment by the common people against government of the day by forcing it to curb civil liberties • Public attention through media exposure • Force security forces to appear harsh and brutal • By succeeding—and here “success” means humiliating the Indian security services, causing large-scale death and destruction, and garnering global media coverage for days—terrorists hope to attract both international and Indian recruits to their cause

6. Emerging Lessons • Government Sensitivity • terrorist attacks are designed so that the restrictive preventive measures instituted by security forces are rejected by society • overt and brutal measures by security forces only serves the extremists purpose in generating public antipathy. • Many countries hardest and longest hit by terrorism realise this and in these countries the counter terror movements are nearly invisible but all the same very much there.

7. Emerging Lessons • Intelligence • Notice in the wake of almost every incident, the first whipping boy is “lack of intelligence”. • In fact intelligence is available in plenty, • organisation and process of correct analysis, dissemination and feedback that is wanting. • Fighting the last war • security forces and society are invariably fighting the previous war, • disregarding the most important lesson of them all that the next war will invariably be different • incidents are unique in terms of locations, methods and weapons of attack • it is important to have a brick system of multi-disciplinary organisation where appropriate skills can be brought to bear on each situation.

8. Emerging Lessons • Information Security Protocols • We take our democratic rights too seriously • why must the press and public have unfettered access to a site while operations are in progress, particularly when such real time airing of the situation jeopardises the lives of security forces and hostages. • Clear cordons and police control lines must be drawn to allow all agencies involved in a situation to function with out hindrance. • A media policy that addresses the concerns of both government agencies and the media • we cannot allow such incidents to become electronic Roman Circuses, in doing so we only play into the hands of the terrorists who crave the oxygen of publicity.

9. Emerging Lessons • Public Response • Since attacks against high-profile soft targets are relatively easy and cheap to mount, such institutions will remain targets of future attacks. • The protection of those targets presents particularly difficult challenges. • Many of India’s older symbolic buildings were not built with security considerations in mind or are in exposed locations. • Emergency response drills during events

10. The Partnership • While Public – private partnerships are a comfortable topic at seminars, realistic implementation is a challenge • Is it limited to private funding of public security forces as most would believe? • It is every individual’s duty to assist the government in protecting the citizen. • Remember that terrorists are fish swimming in the tide of society, without adequate local support he is unlikely to be able to function effectively. • While it is not suggested that we have armed vigilante squads roaming the streets, it is necessary to remain alert, task private security agencies more correctly and have correct drills in response to situations.

11. …The Partnership • Public and private partnerships can make a real contribution to the prevention of terrorist attacks. • The concept creates a dynamic and mutually advantageous security governance environment • The combined action and joint utilisation of resources of all the different stakeholders involved can deliver a much more effective preventative response than the sum of the individual component’s actions SYNERGY

12. Thank You